ArticlePloS one2013
Breastfeeding and its prospective association with components of the GH-IGF-Axis, insulin resistance and body adiposity measures in young adulthood--insights from linear and quantile regression analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breastfeeding moderates FTO related adiposity: a birth cohort study with 30 years of follow-up.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Early rapid weight gain and subsequent overweight and obesity in middle childhood in Peru.BMC obesity · 2016Article
- Velocities of weight, height and fat mass gain during potentially critical periods of growth are decisive for adult body composition.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Article
- Effects of early feeding on growth velocity and overweight/obesity in a cohort of HIV unexposed South African infants and children.International breastfeeding journal · 2015Article
- Access to Difficult-to-reach Population Subgroups: A Family Midwife Based Home Visiting Service for Implementing Nutrition-related Preventive Activities - A Mixed Methods Explorative Study.AIMS public health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding may lower chronic disease risk by long-term effects on hormonal status and adiposity, but the relations remain uncertain.
objectiveTo prospectively investigate the association of breastfeeding with the growth hormone- (GH) insulin-like growth factor- (IGF) axis, insulin sensitivity, body composition and body fat distribution in younger adulthood (18-37 years).
designData from 233 (54% female) participants of a German cohort, the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study, with prospective data on infant feeding were analyzed. Multivariable linear as well as quantile regression were performed with full breastfeeding (not: ≤ 2, short: 3-17, long: >17 weeks) as exposure and adult IGF-I, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) -1, -2, -3, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fat mass index, fat-free mass index, and waist circumference as outcomes.
resultsAfter adjustment for early life and socio-economic factors, women who had been breastfed longer displayed higher adult IGFBP-2 (p(trend) = 0.02) and lower values of HOMA-IR (p(trend) = 0.004). Furthermore, in women breastfeeding duration was associated with a lower mean fat mass index (p(trend) = 0.01), fat-free mass index (p(trend) = 0.02) and waist circumference (p(trend) = 0.004) in young adulthood. However, there was no relation to IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 (all p(trend) > 0.05). Associations for IGFBP-2 and fat mass index were more pronounced at higher, for waist circumference at very low or high percentiles of the distribution. In men, there was no consistent relation of breastfeeding with any outcome.
conclusionsOur data suggest that breastfeeding may have long-term, favorable effects on extremes of adiposity and insulin metabolism in women, but not in men. In both sexes, breastfeeding does not seem to induce programming of the GH-IGF-axis.
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