ArticlePloS one2013
Predictors of intelligence at the age of 5: family, pregnancy and birth characteristics, postnatal influences, and postnatal growth.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Head circumference and intelligence, schooling, employment, and income: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Association between exposure to air pollution during intrauterine life and cephalic circumference of the newborn.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and childhood physical and cognitive development of children: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2016Pooled it
- Portable HEPA Filter Air Cleaner Use during Pregnancy and Children's Cognitive Performance at Four Years of Age: The UGAAR Randomized Controlled Trial.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Trial
- Socioeconomic Differences in Cognitive Ability Across Childhood and Adolescence: An Investigation of Genetic, Individual, and Environmental Factors.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Using directed acyclic graphs to determine whether multiple imputation or subsample-multiple imputation estimates of an exposure-outcome association are unbiased.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cumulative childhood lead exposure estimation and school-age IQ in a prospective birth cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- The effect of early childhood stature on later cognitive functions in Indonesian adolescents: comparation using the National growth reference and the WHO growth standard.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Using a neural network to derive early childhood neurodevelopmental profiles in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Predictors of early child development for screening pregnant women most in need of support in Brazil.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Preterm birth and subsequent intelligence and academic performance in youth: A cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Predicting low cognitive ability at age 5 years using perinatal data and machine learning.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Breastfeeding, cognitive ability, and residual confounding: A comment on studies by Pereyra-Elìas et al.PloS one · 2024Article
- Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMI and Gestational Weight Gain Are Associated with Preschool Children's Neuropsychological Outcomes in the APrON Cohort.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances mixtures and birth outcomes in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study: Beyond single-class mixture approaches.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Correlation Analysis of Attention and Intelligence of Preterm Infants at Preschool Age: A Premature Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Big data, machine learning, and population health: predicting cognitive outcomes in childhood.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- Association of sedation and anesthesia on cognitive outcomes in very premature infants: a retrospective observational study.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2023Observational
- The predictive value of the ages and stages questionnaire in late infancy for low average cognitive ability at age 5.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Article
- Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parental education and maternal intelligence are well-known predictors of child IQ. However, the literature regarding other factors that may contribute to individual differences in IQ is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a number of variables whose predictive status remain unclarified, in a sample of basically healthy children with a low rate of pre- and postnatal complications. 1,782 5-year-old children sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort (2003-2007) were assessed with a short form of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Revised. Information on parental characteristics, pregnancy and birth factors, postnatal influences, and postnatal growth was collected during pregnancy and at follow-up. A model including study design variables and child's sex explained 7% of the variance in IQ, while parental education and maternal IQ increased the explained variance to 24%. Other predictors were parity, maternal BMI, birth weight, breastfeeding, and the child's head circumference and height at follow-up. These variables, however, only increased the explained variance to 29%. The results suggest that parental education and maternal IQ are major predictors of IQ and should be included routinely in studies of cognitive development. Obstetrical and postnatal factors also predict IQ, but their contribution may be of comparatively limited magnitude.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.