ArticleAfrican health sciences2013
Nodding syndrome in Mundri county, South Sudan: environmental, nutritional and infectious factors.
Article in African health sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The Nodding syndrome cerebrospinal fluid proteome: a lens into neurodevelopmental failure consistent with environmentally triggeredFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Nodding syndrome is unlikely to be an autoimmune reaction to leiomodin-1 after infection byBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- The tau hypothesis of nodding syndrome in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Excitatory amino acids, possible causative agents of nodding syndrome in eastern Africa.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- The spectrum of disease and tau pathology of nodding syndrome in Uganda.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Nodding Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics, Risks Factors, Access to Treatment, and Perceptions in the Greater Mundri Area, South Sudan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Parasitic, bacterial, viral, immune-mediated, metabolic and nutritional factors associated with nodding syndrome.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Ictal Electroencephalographic Characteristics of Nodding Syndrome: A Comparative Case-Series from South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.Annals of neurology · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of nodding syndrome in the Greater Mundri area, South Sudan: Prevalence, spatial pattern and environmental risk factors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Nodding syndrome: A key role for sources of nutrition?eNeurologicalSci · 2022Review
- The neurology of chronic nodding syndrome.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Nodding Syndrome: A Scoping Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Systemic and cerebrospinal fluid immune and complement activation in Ugandan children and adolescents with long-standing nodding syndrome: A case-control study.Epilepsia open · 2021Article
- Case-Control Study of Nodding Syndrome in Acholiland: Urinary Multi-Mycotoxin Screening.Toxins · 2021Article
- Onchocerca volvulus and epilepsy: A comprehensive review using the Bradford Hill criteria for causation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Article
- Nodding syndrome: a concise review.Brain communications · 2020Review
- Qualitative evaluation of the outcomes of care and treatment for children and adolescents with nodding syndrome and other epilepsies in Uganda.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- Doxycycline for the treatment of nodding syndrome (DONS); the study protocol of a phase II randomised controlled trial.BMC neurology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNodding Syndrome is a seizure disorder of children in Mundri County, Western Equatoria, South Sudan. The disorder is reported to be spreading in South Sudan and northern Uganda.
objectiveTo describe environmental, nutritional, infectious, and other factors that existed before and during the de novo 1991 appearance and subsequent increase in cases through 2001.
methodsHousehold surveys, informant interviews, and case-control studies conducted in Lui town and Amadi village in 2001-2002 were supplemented in 2012 by informant interviews in Lui and Juba, South Sudan.
resultsNodding Syndrome was associated with Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infections, with food use of a variety of sorghum (serena) introduced as part of an emergency relief program, and was inversely associated with a history of measles infection. There was no evidence to suggest exposure to a manmade neurotoxic pollutant or chemical agent, other than chemically dressed seed intended for planting but used for food. Food use of cyanogenic plants was documented, and exposure to fungal contaminants could not be excluded.
conclusionNodding Syndrome in South Sudan has an unknown etiology. Further research is recommended on the association of Nodding Syndrome with onchocerciasis/mansonelliasis and neurotoxins in plant materials used for food.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.