ReviewOncoTargets and therapy2013
Should a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) agonist or antagonist be designed to treat cancer? TLR-4: its expression and effects in the ten most common cancers.
Review in OncoTargets and therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effect of hesperetin against myelosuppression and splenic inflammation via modulating TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling: molecular docking and experimental validation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The role of TLRs (microbe recognition receptor) in gastric cancer: An update.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Accelerating Breast Tumor Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Paclitaxel, interferons and functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages in optimized chemo-immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- TLR4/MyD88 expression patterns and novel genetic variants: association with aggressive clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Toll-like Receptor-4 and the Risk of Developing Skin Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sparstolonin B Reduces Estrogen-Dependent Proliferation in Cancer Cells: Possible Role of Ceramide and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Inhibition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cancer invasion and anaerobic bacteria: new insights into mechanisms.Journal of medical microbiology · 2024Review
- Levistolide a Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in Mice by Inhibiting the TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Article
- Article
- Propolis-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers halt breast cancer progression through miRNA-223 related pathways: an in-vitro/in-vivo experiment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Functional immune boosters; the herb or its dead microbiome? Antigenic TLR4 agonist MAMPs found in 65 medicinal roots and algae's.Journal of functional foods · 2023Article
- Vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancer: A scoping review.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- Endotoxemia and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Insight into the Mechanisms Underlying a Dangerous Relationship.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Plants against cancer: the immune-boosting herbal microbiome: not of the plant, but in the plant. Basic concepts, introduction, and future resource for vaccine adjuvant discovery.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 modulate promoting effect of COPD-like airway inflammation on K-ras-driven lung cancer through activation of the MyD88/NF-ĸB pathway in the airway epithelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Association of the Toll-like receptor 4 and NOX4 gene and protein levels in asthmatic patients with metabolic syndrome: A case-control study.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Propolis and Its Polyphenolic Compounds against Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effects of a novel toll-like receptor 4 antagonist IAXO-102 in a murine model of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Current and Future Role of the Microbiome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2022Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is well known for its host innate immunity. Despite the fact that TLR-4 activation confers antitumor responses; emerging evidence suggests that TLR-4 is associated with tumor development and progression. It is now clear that overactivation of TLR-4, through various immune mediators, may cause immune response dysfunction, resulting in tumorigenesis. Different cancers could have different extents of TLR-4 involvement during tumorigenesis or tumor progression. In this review, we focus on infection- and inflammation-related TLR-4 activation in noncancer and cancer cells, as well as on the current evidence about the role of TLR-4 in ten of the most common cancers, viz, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.