ArticleJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2014
The novel tetramethylpyrazine bis-nitrone (TN-2) protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis.
Article in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of herbal medicine treatment based on syndrome differentiation for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Bacterial, viral, and fungal infection-related risk of Parkinson's disease: Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies.Brain and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone exerts neuroprotection via activation of PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway in Parkinson's disease models.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone Promotes the Clearance of Alpha-Synuclein via Nrf2-Mediated Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Activation.Neuromolecular medicine · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Polysaccharides and Gallic Acid fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Plausible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Neurodegeneration-a Need for Therapeutic Approach in Parkinson's Disease (PD).Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Inhibiting von Hippel‒Lindau protein-mediated Dishevelled ubiquitination protects against experimental parkinsonism.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial quality control in stroke: From the mechanisms to therapeutic potentials.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Homo-Tris-Nitrones Derived from α-Phenyl-International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Lycopene protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.Drug design, development and therapy · 2019Article
- Tetramethylpyrazine blocks TFAM degradation and up-regulates mitochondrial DNA copy number by interacting with TFAM.Bioscience reports · 2017Article
- The Short Isoform of DNAJB6 Protects against 1-Methyl-4-phenylpridinium Ion-Induced Apoptosis in LN18 Cells via Inhibiting Both ROS Formation and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Loss.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017Article
- Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Treatments with Traditional Chinese Medicine.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Review
- A Novel Ligustrazine Derivative T-VA Prevents Neurotoxicity in Differentiated PC12 Cells and Protects the Brain against Ischemia Injury in MCAO Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
- A Potent Multi-functional Neuroprotective Derivative of Tetramethylpyrazine.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2015Article
- Pharmacokinetic Study and Optimal Formulation of New Anti-Parkinson Natural Compound Schisantherin A.Parkinson's disease · 2015Article
- Withania somnifera alleviates parkinsonian phenotypes by inhibiting apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons.Neurochemical research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra- hydropyridine (MPTP), the most widely used neurotoxin to simulate PD, is converted to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in vivo. MPP(+) induces excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis via sequentially opening mitochondria permeability transition pore (mPTP) to release cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytoplasm and activate pro-apoptotic caspase proteins. We have previously synthesized 2,5-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxidoimino]methyl]-3,6-trimethylpyrazine (TN-2), a novel derivative of the Chinese herb medicine tetramethylpyrazine (TMP). TN-2 is armed with two powerful free radical-scavenging nitrone moieties. TN-2 significantly reversed the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the decrease in dopamine level in the striatum induced by MPTP in mice. TN-2 ameliorated the MPTP-induced decrease of brain superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione concentration and increase of brain malondialdehyde. In addition, TN-2 inhibited MPP(+)-induced neuronal damage/apoptosis in primary cerebellum granular neurons (CGNs) and SH-SY5Y cells. TN-2 decreased excessive intracellular ROS, prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, blocked the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Moreover, TN-2 treatment increased the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1 (PGC- 1α and β) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) in SH-SY5Y cells and CGNs. These results suggest that TN-2 protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP/MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity via the inhibition of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and possibly via the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, indicating that TN-2 is a potential new treatment for PD.
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