ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2014
Simvastatin sensitizes human gastric cancer xenograft in nude mice to capecitabine by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B-regulated gene products.
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statins Are Associated with Improved Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Mechanisms of chemoresistance in gastric cancer: interplay between microRNAs and the tumor microenvironment.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Integrated transcriptomics and molecular docking identify hub genes and statin regulators inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Progress in the antitumor molecular mechanisms of Isorhamnetin.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-tumorigenesis potential of nano silver for gastric cancer cells.Journal of molecular histology · 2024Article
- Repurposing simvastatin in cancer treatment: an updated review on pharmacological and nanotechnological aspects.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Review
- Multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms of the antitumour effect of dihydromyricetin (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Chemotherapeutic potential of betanin/capecitabine combination targeting colon cancer: experimental and bioinformatic studies exploring NFκB and cyclin D1 interplay.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature Predicts Prognosis and Indicates Immune Microenvironment Infiltration in Advanced Gastric Cancer.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2024Article
- Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- Review
- Potential of siRNA-Bearing Subtilosomes in the Treatment of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Repurposed Drugs in Gastric Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cucurbitacins as Potent Chemo-Preventive Agents: Mechanistic Insight and Recent Trends.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the action of carcinogens in gastric cancer with a glimpse into targeted therapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Unraveling the Potential Role of NEDD4-like E3 Ligases in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a major problem in the treatment of gastric cancer patients. Hence, novel pharmacological agents that can overcome drug resistance are urgently required. Whether simvastatin can sensitize the gastric cancer to the antitumor effects of capecitabine in vitro and in vivo was investigated. The effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells was examined by mitochondrial dye-uptake 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method, apoptosis by esterase staining, NF-κB activation by DNA binding assay, and protein expression by western blot analysis. The effect of simvastatin on the tumor growth in xenograft mouse model of human gastric cancer was also examined. Simvastatin suppressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, enhanced the apoptotic effects of capecitabine, suppressed the constitutive activation of NF-κB, and abrogated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cyclin D1, Bcl-2, survivin, CXC motif receptor 4, and MMP-9 proteins. In a xenograft mouse model, we observed that the administration of simvastatin alone (5 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal thrice/week) significantly suppressed the growth of the tumor and this effect was further potentiated by capecitabine treatment. As compared to the vehicle control, simvastatin also suppressed the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products such as cyclin D1, COX-2, ICAM-1, MMP-9, survivin, Bcl-xL, and XIAP in tumor tissues. Overall, our results demonstrate that simvastatin can enhance the effects of capecitabine through suppression of NF-κB-regulated markers of proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.