ReviewJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2014
The gut microbiome, kidney disease, and targeted interventions.
Review in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 404 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Short-chain Fatty Acids, Here Sodium Propionate, a Metabolism Product of the Human Gut-microbiome, on Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis - a Pilot Study
The Correlation Between Gut Microbiome/Metabolite and End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Effects of Probiotics on Metabolism of Uremic Toxin in Patients With End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Alterations of Gut Derived Uremic Toxins and Microbiome Metabolites by Multispecies Synbiotic Supplementation in Hemodialysis Patients
Effects of Probiotic and Synbiotic Administration on the Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
404 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 715 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 4 and 5: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Plant-Based Diets on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Microbiota-Driven Therapy on Circulating Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics Improve Uremic, Inflammatory, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in End-Stage Renal Disease With Dialysis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- The Specific Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Kidney Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Specific alterations of gut microbiota in patients with membranous nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Probiotics in septic acute kidney injury, a double blind, randomized control trial.Renal failure · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Curcumin Supplementation (MerivaNutrients · 2022Trial
- Colonic dialysis can influence gut flora to protect renal function in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Alteration of gut microbiota contributes to peritoneal fibrosis through increased production of trimethylamine N-oxide.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Supplementation withThe veterinary quarterly · 2026Article
- The coexistence of constipation and diarrhea is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease: a 10-year cohort study.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications in Uremic Toxins From 1991 to 2024.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy · 2026Review
- Metabolomic Profiling in Children with Sleep Disorders: An Exploratory Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Trimethylamine N-oxide and Homocysteine in Kidney Function and Disease: Distinct Metabolic Origins, Shared Renal Determinants and Pathophysiological Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting the Gut-Heart Axis in Atherosclerosis: Microbial Metabolites, Molecular Mechanisms, and Precision Therapeutics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine N-oxide as a key microbial mediator in the progression of diabetic kidney disease.World journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Microparticles at the crossroads of the gut-kidney axis: Mechanistic drivers and therapeutic horizons in hemodialysis.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
344 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human gut harbors >100 trillion microbial cells, which influence the nutrition, metabolism, physiology, and immune function of the host. Here, we review the quantitative and qualitative changes in gut microbiota of patients with CKD that lead to disturbance of this symbiotic relationship, how this may contribute to the progression of CKD, and targeted interventions to re-establish symbiosis. Endotoxin derived from gut bacteria incites a powerful inflammatory response in the host organism. Furthermore, protein fermentation by gut microbiota generates myriad toxic metabolites, including p-cresol and indoxyl sulfate. Disruption of gut barrier function in CKD allows translocation of endotoxin and bacterial metabolites to the systemic circulation, which contributes to uremic toxicity, inflammation, progression of CKD, and associated cardiovascular disease. Several targeted interventions that aim to re-establish intestinal symbiosis, neutralize bacterial endotoxins, or adsorb gut-derived uremic toxins have been developed. Indeed, animal and human studies suggest that prebiotics and probiotics may have therapeutic roles in maintaining a metabolically-balanced gut microbiota and reducing progression of CKD and uremia-associated complications. We propose that further research should focus on using this highly efficient metabolic machinery to alleviate uremic symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.