ArticleBMC pediatrics2013
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and associated factors among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: unannounced home-based pill count versus caregivers' report.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of methodological approaches and measurement of adherence to micronutrient supplementation among women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Non-Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy Among Adult People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- First line antiretroviral treatment failure and its association with drug substitution and sex among children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Predictors of lost to follow up from antiretroviral therapy among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Pooled it
- Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Among Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2018Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in HIV-infected Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: IMPAACT Protocol P1092.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Trial
- Urine Tenofovir Concentrations Correlate With Plasma and Relate to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Adherence: A Randomized, Directly Observed Pharmacokinetic Trial (TARGET Study).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- Reliability, validity and measurement invariance of the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study.BMC public health · 2020Trial
- A randomized clinical pharmacokinetic trial of Tenofovir in blood, plasma and urine in adults with perfect, moderate and low PrEP adherence: the TARGET study.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Drug resistance in HIV patients with virological failure or slow virological response to antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: structural equation modeling.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Level of non-adherence and associated factors among children on antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Incidence and predictors of virological failure among HIV infected children and adolescents receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda, a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Adolescent's and youth's adherence to antiretroviral therapy for better treatment outcome and its determinants: multi-center study in public health facilities.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- The relationship between life satisfaction, personal health, quality of life, and medication adherence among adolescents living with HIV in southwestern Uganda.Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health · 2023Article
- Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors Among HIV-Infected Children in Public Health Institutions of Adwa, Axum, and Shire Towns of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Predictors of Suboptimal Adherence Among Children on Antiretroviral Therapy in Southern Ethiopia: A Multicenter Retrospective Follow-Up Study.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Children's Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- HIV Status Disclosure to Adolescents Who Are Perinatally Infected in Rustenburg Sub District Northwest Province.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has brought a remarkable reduction in HIV-related mortality and morbidity both in adults and children living with HIV/AIDS. Adherence to ART is the key to the successful treatment of patients as well as containment of drug resistance. Studies based on caregivers' report have shown that adherence to ART among children is generally good. However, subjective methods such as caregivers' report are known to overestimate the level of adherence. This study determined the rate of adherence and its predictors using unannounced home-based pill count and compared the result with caregivers' report in a tertiary referral hospital in Ethiopia.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between December 1, 2011 and January 30, 2012. The study participants were 210 children on ART and their caregivers attending pediatric ART clinic of Tikur Anbessa Hospital (TAH), Addis Ababa University. Caregivers were interviewed at the ART clinic using a structured questionnaire. Then, unannounced home-based pill count was done 7 days after the interview.
resultsCaregiver-reported adherence in the past 7 days prior to interview was 93.3%. Estimated adherence using unannounced home-based pill count was found, however, to be 34.8%. On multivariate logistic regression model, children with married [aOR = 7.85 (95% CI: 2.11,29.13)] and widowed/divorced [aOR = 7.14 (95% CI: 2.00,25.46)] caregivers, those who were not aware of their HIV sero-status [aOR = 2.35 (95% CI:1.09, 5.06)], and those with baseline WHO clinical stage III/IV [OR = 3.18 (95% CI: 1.21, 8.40] were more likely to adhere to their ART treatment. On the other hand, children on d4T/3Tc/EFV combination [OR = 0.10 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.53)] were less likely to adhere to their treatment. Caregivers' forgetfulness and child refusal to take medication were reported as the major reasons for missing doses.
conclusionThe level of adherence based on unannounced home-based pill count was unacceptably low. Interventions are urgently needed to improve adherence to ART among children at TAH. Besides, a longitudinal study measuring adherence combined with clinical parameters (viral load and CD4 count) is needed to identify a simple and reliable measure of adherence in the study area.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.