ArticleBMC microbiology2013
The role of arginine and arginine-metabolizing enzymes during Giardia - host cell interactions in vitro.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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46 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A core UPS molecular complement implicates unique endocytic compartments at the parasite-host interface inVirulence · 2023Article
- Amino acid metabolism in immune cells: essential regulators of the effector functions, and promising opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Trophozoite fitness dictates the intestinal epithelial cell response to Giardia intestinalis infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- ROS-AMPK/mTOR-dependent enterocyte autophagy is involved in the regulation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Specific TLR-mediated HSP70 activation plays a potential role in host defense against the intestinal parasiteFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Nitric oxide in parasitic infections: a friend or foe?Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Review
- Identification of target genes regulated by encystation-induced transcription factor Myb2 using knockout mutagenesis in Giardia lamblia.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
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- The arginine deaminase system plays distinct roles in Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia hermsii.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
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- Giardial lipid rafts share virulence factors with secreted vesicles and participate in parasitic infection in mice.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Dual RNA Sequencing Reveals Key Events When DifferentFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundArginine is a conditionally essential amino acid important in growing individuals and under non-homeostatic conditions/disease. Many pathogens interfere with arginine-utilization in host cells, especially nitric oxide (NO) production, by changing the expression of host enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. Here we used human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and three different isolates of the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis to investigate the role of arginine and arginine-metabolizing enzymes during intestinal protozoan infections.
resultsRNA expression analyses of major arginine-metabolizing enzymes revealed the arginine-utilizing pathways in human IECs (differentiated Caco-2 cells) grown in vitro. Most genes were constant or down-regulated (e.g. arginase 1 and 2) upon interaction with Giardia, whereas inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were up-regulated within 6 h of infection. Giardia was shown to suppress cytokine-induced iNOS expression, thus the parasite has both iNOS inducing and suppressive activities. Giardial arginine consumption suppresses NO production and the NO-degrading parasite protein flavohemoglobin is up-regulated in response to host NO. In addition, the secreted, arginine-consuming giardial enzyme arginine deiminase (GiADI) actively reduces T-cell proliferation in vitro. Interestingly, the effects on NO production and T cell proliferation could be reversed by addition of external arginine or citrulline.
conclusionsGiardia affects the host's arginine metabolism on many different levels. Many of the effects can be reversed by addition of arginine or citrulline, which could be a beneficial supplement in oral rehydration therapy.
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