Trial reportCognition & emotion2014
Trait and state anxiety: relations to executive functioning in an at-risk sample.
Trial report in Cognition & emotion, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with Turner Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2018Pooled it
- Cortisol, Anxiety, and TNFα Mediate the Relationship Between BMI and Executive Functions.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Article
- Neural Correlates of Inhibitory Control in Children: Evidence Using MRI and fNIRS.Brain topography · 2025Article
- ADHD Children Take More Time to Inhibit Automatic Responses: A Comparison with Anxiety Disorders Using NEPSY-II.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- A comparison of scoring algorithms for the NIH Toolbox executive function tasks in a U.S. norming sample.Psychological assessment · 2024Article
- Preadolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms are differentially related to drift-diffusion model parameters and neural activation during a go/no-go task.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- Does Anxiety Systematically Bias Estimates of Executive Functioning Deficits in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Environmental predictors of children's executive functioning development.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2024Article
- Trait and State Anxiety Effects on Mismatch Negativity and Sensory Gating Event-Related Potentials.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- State and Trait Anxiety Related Gamma Oscillations in Patients With Anxiety Within the Research Domain Criteria Framework.Psychiatry investigation · 2022Article
- The Protective Effects of Maternal and Paternal Factors on Children's Social Development.Adversity and resilience science · 2021Article
- Childhood Cognitive Flexibility and Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems: Examination of Prospective Bidirectional Associations.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Article
- Leveraging item accuracy and reaction time to improve measurement of child executive function ability.Psychological assessment · 2020Article
- Subjective Executive Function Weaknesses Are Linked to Elevated Internalizing Symptoms Among Community Adolescents.Assessment · 2020Article
- Cognitive Impairments in Early-Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients and Their Associations with Socio-Demographic, Clinical and Psychological Factors: An Exploratory Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Article
- Parental Demandingness and Executive Functioning in Predicting Anxiety among Children in a Longitudinal Community Study.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2020Article
- Speed and accuracy on the Hearts and Flowers task interact to predict child outcomes.Psychological assessment · 2019Article
- Executive Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder: History, Theoretical Models, Empirical Findings, and Potential as an Endophenotype.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Anxiety in Williams Syndrome: The Role of Social Behaviour, Executive Functions and Change Over Time.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prior research with adults suggests mixed evidence for the relations of state and trait anxiety to prefrontal executive functions (EF). Trait anxiety is hypothesised to impair the efficiency of prefrontal areas and goal-directed attention and has been largely associated with poorer performance on executive functioning tasks. Fewer studies have investigated state anxiety, and the findings have been mixed. As studies of these processes in children have been limited by small sample sizes and a focus on working memory, we examine whether state and trait anxiety are associated with performance on two EF tasks in a sample of urban, low-income children, ages 9-12. Results indicated that higher trait anxiety predicted lower executive functioning on both tasks. In addition, higher state anxiety was related to better performance on the Stroop task. Results demonstrate that, consistent with the adult literature, higher trait anxiety is related to lower executive functioning in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.