Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24228683›Full record

Trial reportAmerican journal of public health2014

The impact of school water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions on the health of younger siblings of pupils: a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya.

Robert Dreibelbis, Matthew C Freeman, Leslie E Greene, Shadi Saboori, Richard Rheingans

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Hand-washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Does Basic Sanitation Prevent Diarrhea? Contextualizing Recent Intervention Trials through a Historical Lens.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Pooled it
  6. Guideline
  7. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools in Low-Income Countries: A Review of Evidence of Impact.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  11. Hand washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Robert DreibelbisRobert Dreibelbis is with the Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Robert Dreibelbis is also with the Hubert Department of Global Health, and Matthew C. Freeman, Leslie E. Greene, and Shadi Saboori are with the Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Richard Rheingans is with the Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Matthew C Freeman
Leslie E Greene
Shadi Saboori
Richard Rheingans
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe examined the impact of school water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions on diarrhea-related outcomes among younger siblings of school-going children.

methodsWe conducted a cluster-randomized trial among 185 schools in Kenya from 2007 to 2009. We assigned schools to 1 of 2 study groups according to water availability. Multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for baseline measures, assessed differences between intervention and control arms in 1-week period prevalence of diarrhea and 2-week period prevalence of clinic visits among children younger than 5 years with at least 1 sibling attending a program school.

resultsAmong water-scarce schools, comprehensive WASH improvements were associated with decreased odds of diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27, 0.73) and visiting a clinic (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.68), relative to control schools. In our separate study group of schools with greater water availability, school hygiene promotion and water treatment interventions and school sanitation improvements were not associated with differences in diarrhea prevalence between intervention and control schools.

conclusionsIn water-scarce areas, school WASH interventions that include robust water supply improvements can reduce diarrheal diseases among young children.

Indexed as

Health PromotionHygieneSanitationSiblingsStudentsWater SupplyChildChild, PreschoolDiarrheaFemaleHand DisinfectionHumansInfantInfant, NewbornKenyaMale

Identifiers

PMID24228683
PMCPMC3910035
OpenAlexW2145795323

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.