ArticleNature2013
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells.
Article in Nature, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 3,218 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study Evaluating a Ketogenic Diet Concomitant to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
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Who cites it
3,218 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5,172 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-Life Gut Microbiota and the Pediatric Gut-Lung Axis: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Preclinical, and Mechanistic Evidence.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Primates: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-modulating interventions in paediatric type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary intervention through bacterial-derived butyrate elicits anti-tumor activity and increases anti-PD-1 response.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota functional remodeling and butyrate depletion amplify anti-Ro/La antibody-driven type I interferon activation in neonatal lupus.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
- Microbial epigenetic regulation as a multilevel regulatory interface in host-microbe interactions.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Dual screen for gut metabolites suppressing enterobacterial growth and invasiveness reveals structure-activity relationships among anti-infective indoles.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- From signals to systems: the epigenetic-microbiome-mitochondrial axis in IBD pathogenesis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Recent advances and clinical relevance of microbiome dynamics in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in metabolism, immunity, and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota in chronic inflammation: the interplay with lipid mediators.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- PD-1 blockade promotes mucosal CD4+ T cell IL-10 production through altering microbiota to reduce intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
- Functionally declining microbiota in chronic disease: beyond taxonomic loss.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis shapes brain T-cell immunity in accelerated aging.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals: Key modulators of AD neuroinflammation via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- Gut microbial signatures in poultry under low-protein diets and lysine restriction: implications for precision nutrition.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Multicenter retrospective observational study on the clinical effectiveness of butyrate-producingVirulence · 2026Observational
3,158 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
30 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gut commensal microbes shape the mucosal immune system by regulating the differentiation and expansion of several types of T cell. Clostridia, a dominant class of commensal microbe, can induce colonic regulatory T (Treg) cells, which have a central role in the suppression of inflammatory and allergic responses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which commensal microbes induce colonic Treg cells have been unclear. Here we show that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice. A comparative NMR-based metabolome analysis suggests that the luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids positively correlates with the number of Treg cells in the colon. Among short-chain fatty acids, butyrate induced the differentiation of Treg cells in vitro and in vivo, and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+) CD45RB(hi) T cells in Rag1(-/-) mice. Treatment of naive T cells under the Treg-cell-polarizing conditions with butyrate enhanced histone H3 acetylation in the promoter and conserved non-coding sequence regions of the Foxp3 locus, suggesting a possible mechanism for how microbial-derived butyrate regulates the differentiation of Treg cells. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms by which host-microbe interactions establish immunological homeostasis in the gut.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.