ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2013
Flaviviruses in Europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of West Nile disease.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Modelling the risk of West Nile virus infection in seven European countries from published serological and case notification data, 2008 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Distribution pattern and prevalence of West Nile virus infection in Nigeria from 1950 to 2020: a systematic review.Epidemiology and health · 2020Pooled it
- Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Life-history traits associated to West Nile virus seroprevalence in wild birds: Lessons from the recent outbreaks in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Evidence of West Nile Virus Infections in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Netherlands, 2018-2021.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in Horses as a Sentinel Host in One Health Surveillance: Epidemiological Insights and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Circulation and overwintering of Usutu virus lineages in north-eastern Spain: A one health perspective (2021-2025).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- New enemies: contribution of CPathogens and global health · 2025Article
- Serological differentiation of West Nile, Usutu, and tick-borne encephalitis virus antibodies in birds and horses using mutant E protein ELISAs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Mono-WNV and combined WNV/TBEV inactivated vaccine efficacy against a wide range of WNV and TBEV strains.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Accelerating targeted mosquito control efforts through mobile West Nile virus detection.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Long-term serological surveillance for West Nile and Usutu virus in horses in south-West Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Austria, 2021.Viruses · 2023Article
- Insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of West Nile virus transmission in emerging scenarios.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- West Nile virus: The current situation in Egypt.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Article
- Genomic Analysis of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Detected in Mosquitoes during the 2020-2021 Outbreaks in Andalusia, Spain.Viruses · 2023Article
- Risk Factors for Exposure of Wild Birds to West Nile Virus in A Gradient of Wildlife-Livestock Interaction.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Europe, many flaviviruses are endemic (West Nile, Usutu, tick-borne encephalitis viruses) or occasionally imported (dengue, yellow fever viruses). Due to the temporal and geographical co-circulation of flaviviruses in Europe, flavivirus differentiation by diagnostic tests is crucial in the adaptation of surveillance and control efforts. Serological diagnosis of flavivirus infections is complicated by the antigenic similarities among the Flavivirus genus. Indeed, most flavivirus antibodies are directed against the highly immunogenic envelope protein, which contains both flavivirus cross-reactive and virus-specific epitopes. Serological assay results should thus be interpreted with care and confirmed by comparative neutralization tests using a panel of viruses known to circulate in Europe. However, antibody cross-reactivity could be advantageous in efforts to control emerging flaviviruses because it ensures partial cross-protection. In contrast, it might also facilitate subsequent diseases, through a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement mainly described for dengue virus infections. Here, we review the serological methods commonly used in WNV diagnosis and surveillance in Europe. By examining past and current epidemiological situations in different European countries, we present the challenges involved in interpreting flavivirus serological tests and setting up appropriate surveillance programs; we also address the consequences of flavivirus circulation and vaccination for host immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.