ArticleMalaria journal2013
Trends in chloroquine resistance marker, Pfcrt-K76T mutation ten years after chloroquine withdrawal in Tanzania.
Article in Malaria journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Mozambique: A Systematic Review ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Persistence of chloroquine resistance alleles in malaria endemic countries: a systematic review of burden and risk factors.Malaria journal · 2019Pooled it
- Chloroquine as weekly chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment to prevent malaria in pregnancy in Malawi: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- In-Vivo Efficacy of Chloroquine to Clear Asymptomatic Infections in Mozambican Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial with Implications for Elimination Strategies.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Article
- Molecular surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance markers in the pfcrt, pfmdr1 and pfmrp1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from southeastern Iran.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Characterization ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Article
- A Narrative Review on the Prevalence ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Unraveling Key Chloroquine Resistance-Associated Alleles AmongInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Targeting malaria parasites inside mosquitoes: ecoevolutionary consequences.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
- Drugs for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy: Current Knowledge and Way Forward.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Molecular Markers for Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine and Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2022Article
- Malaria chemoprevention and drug resistance: a review of the literature and policy implications.Malaria journal · 2022Review
- Prevalence and temporal changes of mutations linked to antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Palawan, Philippines.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Biennial surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2017 and 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia over a decade after the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy: analysis of genetic mutations in the pfcrt gene.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Decreased prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 and N86Y mutations post-chloroquine treatment withdrawal in Katete District, Eastern Zambia.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Historical trends and new surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance markers in Angola.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt haplotypes in southwestern uganda by high-resolution melt analysis.Malaria journal · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs remains a major obstacle to the control of malaria. In 2001 Tanzania replaced chloroquine (CQ) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as first-line drug, which in turn was replaced by artemisinin combination therapy in 2006. SP has however, continued to be used in intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) despite reports of high levels of resistance to SP due to the lack of alternatives to SP for IPTp. Recent reports have indicated recovery of CQ-susceptibility in Malawi, Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania based on the prevalence of wild types at codon 76 of the Pfcrt gene in indigenous P. falciparum populations. The current prevalence of this Pfcrt-76 CQ resistance marker from six regions of Tanzania mainland is hereby reported.
methodsDNA extracted from filter-paper dried blood spots and rapid diagnostics kit strips collected from finger-prick blood were used to genotype the Pfcrt-76 resistance marker using PCR-RFLP. Data from previously published studies were used to generate CQ susceptibility recovery trends using logistic regression model.
resultsSeven hundred and forty one (741) samples were genotyped. The current frequency of the CQ-susceptible Pfcrt-K76 was above 92% and did not differ between regions in Tanzania (χ(2) = 2.37; p = 0.795). The K76 allelic prevalence was between 85.7 and 93% in regions (χ(2) = 7.88, p = 0.163). The CQ resistance recovery trends showed regional variability that may be caused by differences in malaria transmission intensity, but overall the trends converge as the susceptibility levels in all regions approach >90%.
conclusionsCQ withdrawal in Tanzania has resulted into >90% recovery of susceptibility in ten years of withdrawal. These findings are in support of the search for CQ-based combination drugs as a possible future alternative to SP for IPTp in places where full recovery of CQ-susceptibility will be evident.
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