ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2013
Swine influenza in Norway: a distinct lineage of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study (2009-2023): Exploring Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Antibody Time Series in Humans and Swine and Vaccine Coverage in Two Target Groups.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Concurrent Detection of Swine-Origin Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in Pigs and Farmer, Switzerland.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human to animal transmission of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in a turkey breeder flock in Norway.Infection ecology & epidemiology · 2017Article
- Pulmonary changes in Norwegian fatal cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) infection: a morphologic and molecular genetic study.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2016Article
- Swine influenza in Norway: a distinct lineage of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSince the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was first introduced to the Norwegian pig population in September 2009, it has repeatedly been detected in pigs in Norway. No other subtypes of influenza virus are circulating in Norwegian pigs.
objectiveTo follow the diversity of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in pigs in Norway and to investigate the relationship between viruses circulating in Norwegian pigs and in humans.
methodsBetween January 2011 and January 2013, nasal swabs from 507 pigs were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus by real-time RT-PCR. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of virus-positive samples was sequenced and compared with publically available sequences from viruses circulating in humans at the time.
resultsSequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in Norwegian pigs early in 2011 resembled the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in humans during this time. Viruses detected in pigs by the end of 2011 had acquired four characteristic amino acid substitutions (N31D, S84I S164F, and N473D) and formed a distinct phylogenetic group.
conclusionsA(H1N1)pdm09 virus detected in Norwegian pigs by the end of 2011 formed a distinct genetic lineage. Also, our findings indicate that reverse-zoonotic transmission from humans to pigs of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus is still important.
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