ArticlePloS one2013
Elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 level in cerebrospinal fluid of tick-borne encephalitis patients is associated with IgG extravassation and disease severity.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Feasibility and safety of intrathecal transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in horses.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Tick-Borne Infectious Diseases in China, 2003-2023.China CDC weekly · 2025Review
- Severe Cases of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Northeastern Poland.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE): From Tick to Pathology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a biomarker in paediatric and adult tick-borne encephalitis patients.Virus research · 2023Article
- Comparison of laboratory and immune characteristics of the initial and second phase of tick-borne encephalitis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- A Journey to the Central Nervous System: Routes of Flaviviral Neuroinvasion in Human Disease.Viruses · 2022Review
- Tick-borne encephalitis affects sleep-wake behavior and locomotion in infant rats.Cell & bioscience · 2022Article
- Signaling events evoked by domain III of envelop glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Selected Biomarkers of Tick-Borne Encephalitis: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Upregulated Intrathecal Expression of VEGF-A and Long Lasting Global Upregulation of Proinflammatory Immune Mediators in Vaccine Breakthrough Tick-Borne Encephalitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Analysis of Clinical Related Factors of Neonatal Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Complicated With Encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Astrocytes in Flavivirus Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Characteristic Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Encephalitis of Infectious, Immune-Mediated, and Unknown Aetiology.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is an infectious disease involving the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of CNS injury has not been clearly demonstrated. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and some cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), may play important roles in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the pathogenesis of TBE.
methods72 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from TBE patients in north eastern China. IgG levels in CSF and serum were compared and MMP-9 and IL-6 levels were evaluated by ELISA. The correlation between the elevated MMP-9 levels and IgG extravasation, disease severity, and neuroinflammation was analyzed.
resultsIncreased concentration of MMP-9 was detected in some of the CSF samples, and the elevation was found to be closely related to CSF TBEV IgG extravasation and enhancement of IL-6 expression. Moreover, elevated levels of MMP-9 were found to be correlated with IL-6 enhancement. Four of the 72 patients, the ones who died, presented with high CSF MMP-9 levels.
conclusionsIn TBE patients, elevated CSF MMP-9 levels were associated with brain inflammatory reaction, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and disease severity.
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