ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2013
Biomarker-calibrated protein intake and physical function in the Women's Health Initiative.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07356440 (Effect of Consumption of Vegetable Protein-enriched Biscuits and Vitamin D Supplementation on the Progression of Sarcopenia in Elderly Subjects), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Consumption of Vegetable Protein-enriched Biscuits and Vitamin D Supplementation on the Progression of Sarcopenia in Elderly Subjects
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whey Protein Supplementation with or without Vitamin D on Sarcopenia-Related Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Low protein intake, physical activity, and physical function in European and North American community-dwelling older adults: a pooled analysis of four longitudinal aging cohorts.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of protein intake below recommended in community-dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis across cohorts from the PROMISS consortium.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2020Pooled it
- Associations of Biomarker-Calibrated Healthy Eating Index-2010 Scores with Chronic Disease Risk and Their Dependency on Energy Intake and Body Mass Index in Postmenopausal Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- A mycoprotein-based high-protein vegan diet supports equivalent daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates compared with an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in older adults: a randomised controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Biomarker-Calibrated Macronutrient Intake and Chronic Disease Risk among Postmenopausal Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Protein Intake at Twice the RDA in Older Men Increases Circulatory Concentrations of the Microbiome Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO).Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Sarcopenia in Oncological Patients Diagnostics, Screening, and Impact on Quality of Life, Fatigue, Handgrip Strength, and Physical Activity (Sarco-Detect Study).Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Estimating the effect of hypothetical dietary protein interventions on changes in body composition of postmenopausal women over 3 years using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Study: an emulated target trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Article
- The Effect of Protein Intake on Bone Disease, Kidney Disease, and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Transitions From Multimorbidity to Frailty and Mortality in Older Adults.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Observational
- Association between dietary intake of protein and amino acids and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Relationship of psychotropic medication use with physical function among postmenopausal women.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Review
- Nutrition-Based Support for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Review of Recent Evidence.International journal of women's health · 2024Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine whether preservation of physical function with aging may be partially met through modification in dietary protein intake.
designProspective cohort study.
settingWomen's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials (CT) and Observational Study (OS) conducted at 40 clinical centers.
participantsWomen aged 50 to 79 (N = 134,961) with dietary data and one or more physical function measures. MEASUREMENTS: Physical function was assessed using the short-form RAND-36 at baseline and annually beginning in 2005 for all WHI participants and at closeout for CT participants (average ~7 years after baseline). In a subset of 5,346 participants, physical performance measures (grip strength, number of chair stands in 15 seconds, and timed 6-m walk) were assessed at baseline and Years 1, 3, and 6. Calibrated energy and protein intake were derived from regression equations using baseline food frequency questionnaire data collected on the entire cohort and doubly labeled water and 24-hour urinary nitrogen collected from a representative sample as reference measures. Associations between calibrated protein intake and each of the physical function measures were assessed using generalized estimating equations.
resultsCalibrated protein intake ranged from 6.6% to 22.3% energy. Higher calibrated protein intake at baseline was associated with higher self-reported physical function (quintile (Q)5, 85.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 81.9-87.5; Q1, 75.4, 95% CI = 73.2-78.5, P trend = .002) and a slower rate of functional decline (annualized change: Q5, -0.47, 95% CI = -0.63 to -0.39; Q1, -0.98, 95% CI = -1.18 to -0.75, P trend = .02). Women with higher calibrated protein intake also had greater grip strength at baseline (Q5, 24.7 kg, 95% CI = 24.3-25.2 kg; Q1, 24.1 kg, 95% CI = 23.6-24.5 kg, P trend = .04) and slower declines in grip strength (annualized change: Q5, -0.45 kg, 95% CI = -0.39 to -0.63 kg; Q1, -0.59 kg, 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.66 kg, P trend = .03). Women with higher calibrated protein intake also completed more chair stands at baseline (Q5, 7.11, 95% CI = 6.91-7.26; Q1, 6.61, 95% CI = 6.46-6.76, P trend = .002).
conclusionHigher calibrated protein intake is associated with better physical function and performance and slower rates of decline in postmenopausal women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.