ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
Elevated levels of IL-23 in a subset of patients with post-lyme disease symptoms following erythema migrans.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutaneous Lyme borreliosis: Guideline of the German Dermatology Society.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2025Guideline
- Cutaneous Lyme borreliosis: Guideline of the German Dermatology Society.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2017Guideline
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Evaluation of immunoreactive epitopes in the sera and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Norwegians who report persistent health complaints attributed to tick bites or tick-borne diseases.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The peptidoglycan ofScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- Lower Frequency of Multiple Erythema Migrans Skin Lesions in Lyme Reinfections, Europe.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism is associated with impaired immune tolerance, dysregulated inflammatory responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Aberrant T-cell phenotypes in a cohort of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap: Insights in the immunopathology of Lyme borreliosis.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Variants in the Late Cornified Envelope Gene Locus Are Associated With Elevated T-helper 17 Responses in Patients With Postinfectious Lyme Arthritis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A comprehensive genetic map of cytokine responses in Lyme borreliosis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Suppression of host humoral immunity byInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Current and emerging approaches for eliminatingFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Determinants of persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme borreliosis: a prospective observational cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2023Observational
- Posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and comparison of pathogenesis.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2023Review
- Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease and Vagus Nerve Stimulation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi with Human Dendritic Cells: Functional Implications.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Acceptance of diagnosis and management satisfaction of patients with "suspected Lyme borreliosis" after 12 months in a multidisciplinary reference center: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Association of Persistent Symptoms after Lyme Neuroborreliosis and Increased Levels of Interferon-α in Blood.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe causes of post-Lyme disease symptoms are unclear. Herein, we investigated whether specific immune responses were correlated with such symptoms.
methodsThe levels of 23 cytokines and chemokines, representative of innate and adaptive immune responses, were assessed in sera from 86 antibiotic-treated European patients with erythema migrans, 45 with post-Lyme symptoms and 41 without symptoms, who were evaluated prior to treatment and 2, 6, and 12 months thereafter.
resultsAt study entry, significant differences between groups were observed for the type 1 helper T cell (TH1)-associated chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, which were associated with negative Borrelia cultures, and the type 17 helper T cell (TH17)-associated cytokine interleukin 23 (IL-23), which was associated with positive cultures and the development of post-Lyme symptoms (P ≤ .02). Moreover, of the 41 patients with detectable IL-23 levels, 25 (61%) developed post-Lyme symptoms, and all 7 with IL-23 levels ≥ 230 ng/mL had such symptoms. Furthermore, antibody responses to the ECGF autoantigen were more common in patients with post-Lyme symptoms (P = .07) and were correlated directly with IL-23 levels (P = .02). Despite the presence of post-Lyme symptoms, all posttreatment culture results were negative, antiborrelial antibody responses declined, and there were no objective signs of disseminated disease, suggesting that spirochetal eradication had occurred with treatment in all patients.
conclusionsHigh TH1-associated responses correlated with more effective immune-mediated spirochetal killing, whereas high TH17-associated immune responses, often accompanied by autoantibodies, correlated with post-Lyme symptoms, providing a new paradigm for the study of postinfectious symptoms in a subset of patients with Lyme disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.