Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24217421›Full record

SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2013

Vitamin and mineral supplements in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: An updated systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

Stephen P Fortmann, Brittany U Burda, Caitlyn A Senger, Jennifer S Lin, Evelyn P Whitlock

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 172 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
172citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
20.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

172 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 445 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Selenium for preventing cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  9. Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
    Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Guideline
  13. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Selenium for preventing cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Pooled it
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

112 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Stephen P Fortmann
Brittany U Burda
Caitlyn A Senger
Jennifer S Lin
Evelyn P Whitlock
Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research · US

Funding

PHS HHS HHS-290-2007-10057-I
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVitamin and mineral supplements are commonly used to prevent chronic diseases. PURPOSE: To systematically review evidence for the benefit and harms of vitamin and mineral supplements in community-dwelling, nutrient-sufficient adults for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched from January 2005 to 29 January 2013, with manual searches of reference lists and gray literature. STUDY SELECTION: Two investigators independently selected and reviewed fair- and good-quality trials for benefit and fair- and good-quality trials and observational studies for harms. DATA EXTRACTION: Dual quality assessments and data abstraction. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two large trials (n = 27 658) reported lower cancer incidence in men taking a multivitamin for more than 10 years (pooled unadjusted relative risk, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87 to 0.99]). The study that included women showed no effect in that group. High-quality studies (k = 24; n = 324 653) of single and paired nutrients (such as vitamins A, C, or D; folic acid; selenium; or calcium) were scant and heterogeneous and showed no clear evidence of benefit or harm. Neither vitamin E nor β-carotene prevented CVD or cancer, and β-carotene increased lung cancer risk in smokers. LIMITATIONS: The analysis included only primary prevention studies in adults without known nutritional deficiencies. Studies were conducted in older individuals and included various supplements and doses under the set upper tolerable limits. Duration of most studies was less than 10 years.

conclusionLimited evidence supports any benefit from vitamin and mineral supplementation for the prevention of cancer or CVD. Two trials found a small, borderline-significant benefit from multivitamin supplements on cancer in men only and no effect on CVD. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsCardiovascular DiseasesHumansIncidenceMineralsNeoplasmsPrimary PreventionVitaminsMineralsVitamins

Identifiers

PMID24217421
OpenAlexW2168613688

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.