ReviewExpert opinion on drug delivery2013
Intranasal insulin therapy for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration: current state of the art.
Review in Expert opinion on drug delivery, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03811951 (Neurologic Biomarkers of Smoking Behavior), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neurologic Biomarkers of Smoking Behavior
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 associated research in Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory trends analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Protective effect of intranasal insulin on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing noncardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Time- and Region-Specific Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Rat Brain.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Intranasal insulin ameliorates prenatal LPS-induced learning and memory impairments in adolescent male rats: A behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Insulin Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: Association with Brain Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glycation in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: The Prospect of Dual Drug Approaches for Therapeutic Interventions.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Intranasal insulin and postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer disease (diabetesDementia & neuropsychologia · 2025Review
- Causal Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
- Study on the Nasal Drug Delivery System of NMD Liposomes In Situ Thermosensitive Gel.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying HIV-associated cognitive impairment and emerging therapies for its management.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: The Emerging Role of Cellular Lipotoxicity.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Falling Short: The Contribution of Central Insulin Receptors to Gait Dysregulation in Brain Aging.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Antidiabetic Drugs in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Therapeutic approaches for improving cognitive function in the aging brain.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- The Potential Effect of Insulin on AChE and Its Interactions with Rivastigmine In Vitro.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Intranasal insulin for treatment of delirium in older hospitalised patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Intranasal Insulin Treatment Attenuates Metabolic Distress and Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.Neurocritical care · 2021Article
- The insulin resistance by triglyceride glucose index and risk for dementia: population-based study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Observational
- Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Alzheimer Disease via Multiple Mechanisms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGrowing evidence supports the concept that insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, including in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The metabolic hypothesis has led to the development and utilization of insulin- and insulin agonist-based treatments. Therapeutic challenges faced include the ability to provide effective treatments that do not require repeated injections and also the ability to minimize the potentially hazardous off-target effects. AREAS COVERED: This review covers the role of intranasal insulin therapy for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, particularly AD. The literature reviewed focuses on data published within the past 5 years as this field is evolving rapidly. The review provides evidence that brain insulin resistance is an important and early abnormality in AD, and that increasing brain supply and utilization of insulin improves cognition and memory. Emphasis was placed on discussing outcomes of clinical trials and interpreting discordant results to clarify the benefits and limitations of intranasal insulin therapy. EXPERT OPINION: Intranasal insulin therapy can efficiently and directly target the brain to support energy metabolism, myelin maintenance, cell survival and neuronal plasticity, which begin to fail in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Efforts must continue toward increasing the safety, efficacy and specificity of intranasal insulin therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.