ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Detection of single photons by toad and mouse rods.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selective knockout of murine glutamic acid-rich protein 2 significantly alters dark continuous noise in rod photoreceptors.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- The physiology of dark adaptation: Progress and future directions.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- The mechanism of genetically inherited night blindness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Analysis of dim-light responses in rod and cone photoreceptors with altered calcium kinetics.Journal of mathematical biology · 2023Article
- Ultrafast spectra and kinetics of human green-cone visual pigment at room temperature.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Photoreceptor physiology and evolution: cellular and molecular basis of rod and cone phototransduction.The Journal of physiology · 2022Review
- Low signaling efficiency from receptor to effector in olfactory transduction: A quantified ligand-triggered GPCR pathway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Reproducibility of the Rod Photoreceptor Response Depends Critically on the Concentration of the Phosphodiesterase Effector Enzyme.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Night skies through animals' eyes-Quantifying night-time visual scenes and light pollution as viewed by animals.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Photoreceptor Phosphodiesterase (PDE6): Structure, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Implications for Treatment of Retinal Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Review
- Light responses of mammalian cones.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- Analysis of waveform and amplitude of mouse rod and cone flash responses.The Journal of physiology · 2021Article
- Functional modulation of phosphodiesterase-6 by calcium in mouse rod photoreceptors.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Functional optical coherence tomography enablesBiomedical optics express · 2020Article
- A kinetic analysis of mouse rod and cone photoreceptor responses.The Journal of physiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Determination of basal phosphodiesterase activity in mouse rod photoreceptors with cGMP clamp.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Temporal resolution of single-photon responses in primate rod photoreceptors and limits imposed by cellular noise.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Local, nonlinear effects of cGMP and Ca2+ reduce single photon response variability in retinal rods.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Amphibian and mammalian rods can both detect single photons of light even though they differ greatly in physical dimensions, mammalian rods being much smaller in diameter than amphibian rods. To understand the changes in physiology and biochemistry required by such large differences in outer segment geometry, we developed a computational approach, taking into account the spatial organization of the outer segment divided into compartments, together with molecular dynamics simulations of the signaling cascade. We generated simulations of the single-photon response together with intrinsic background fluctuations in toad and mouse rods. Combining this computational approach with electrophysiological data from mouse rods, we determined key biochemical parameters. On average around one phosphodiesterase (PDE) molecule is spontaneously active per mouse compartment, similar to the value for toad, which is unexpected due to the much smaller diameter in mouse. A larger number of spontaneously active PDEs decreases dark noise, thereby improving detection of single photons; it also increases cGMP turnover, which accelerates the decay of the light response. These constraints explain the higher PDE density in mammalian compared with amphibian rods that compensates for the much smaller diameter of mammalian disks. We further find that the rate of cGMP hydrolysis by light-activated PDE is diffusion limited, which is not the case for spontaneously activated PDE. As a consequence, in the small outer segment of a mouse rod only a few activated PDEs are sufficient to generate a signal that overcomes noise, which permits a shorter lifetime of activated rhodopsin and greater temporal resolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.