Trial reportCarcinogenesis2014
Estrogen metabolism and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women: a case-cohort study within B~FIT.
Trial report in Carcinogenesis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Pharmacogenetic CYP2B6 variants affect steroid hormone metabolism in human breast cancer cells.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Estrogen metabolism-related lifestyle score and risk of postmenopausal breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: findings from two large prospective cohort studies.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- The effects of tamoxifen and its metabolites on circulating estrogen metabolites among pre- and postmenopausal women.Steroids · 2026Article
- Interaction between the breast tumor microenvironment and gut microbiome.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Microbiome-targeted nanoplatforms and engineering approaches in breast cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Circulating Estrogen Metabolites and Risk of Breast Cancer among Postmenopausal Women in the Nurses' Health Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Gut and oral microbial compositional differences in women with breast cancer, women with ductal carcinomamSystems · 2024Article
- Metabolomic biomarkers in liquid biopsy: accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis monitoring.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Associations of gut microbiome with endogenous estrogen levels in healthy postmenopausal women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- Analgesic Use and Circulating Estrogens, Androgens, and Their Metabolites in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Observational
- The Relationship Between Microbial Community and Breast Cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Association of Endogenous Pregnenolone, Progesterone, and Related Metabolites with Risk of Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers in Postmenopausal Women: The BCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Association of Circulating Progesterone With Breast Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Effects of Benzophenone-3 and Propylparaben on Estrogen Receptor-Dependent R-Loops and DNA Damage in Breast Epithelial Cells and Mice.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Steroidomics for the Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Cancers: A Systematic Review and Functional Analysis.Metabolites · 2019Review
- Estrogen metabolism in menopausal hormone users in the women's health initiative observational study: Does it differ between estrogen plus progestin and estrogen alone?International journal of cancer · 2019Observational
- Breast cancer in postmenopausal women is associated with an altered gut metagenome.Microbiome · 2018Article
- A dietary pattern based on estrogen metabolism is associated with breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women.International journal of cancer · 2018Article
- Alcohol and Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapies.Biomolecules · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although elevated circulating estrogens are associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk, less is known regarding the role of estrogen metabolism in breast carcinogenesis. We conducted a case-cohort study within the Breast and Bone Follow-up to the Fracture Intervention Trial to assess serum estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EMs) in 407 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed during follow-up and a subcohort of 496 women. In 1992-93, women completed a baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for geography and trial participation status, were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Serum concentrations of EMs were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. EMs (quintiles, Q) were analyzed individually, as metabolic pathways (C-2, -4 or -16) and as ratios. Elevated circulating estradiol was associated with increased breast cancer risk (HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.19-2.90; P trend = 0.04). An elevated ratio of the 2-hydroxylation pathway (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.46-1.05; P trend = 0.01) and 4-hydroxylation pathway (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.40-0.93; P trend = 0.004) to parent estrogens (estradiol and estrone) was inversely associated with risk. A higher ratio of the 2/16-hydroxylation pathways was associated with reduced risk (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.40-0.90; P trend = 0.002). Increased 2- or 4-hydroxylation of parent estrogens may lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Analyses of metabolic pathways may help elucidate the role of estrogen metabolism in breast carcinogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.