ArticleCancers2011
Systematic review of breast cancer biology in developing countries (part 1): Africa, the middle East, eastern europe, Mexico, the Caribbean and South america.
Article in Cancers, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Ethiopia: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Association between serum lipids and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Breast cancer screening in developing countries.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2017Pooled it
- Molecular subtypes of breast cancer in Jamaican women: high prevalence of triple-negative and HER2 + disease.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Trends and the Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Mortality of Breast Cancer Among Iranian Women from 1990 to 2021.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Article
- Female breast cancer classification using immunohistochemistry biomarkers staining in Botswana.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- When "One Size Fits All" Fits None: A Commentary on the Impacts of the"Draft Canadian Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines" on Racialized Populations in Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- A Review of Breast Cancer Surgeries in a Sub-urban Nigerian Tertiary Hospital and the Limitations of Breast-Conserving Surgery.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2025Article
- The Global Incidence, Mortality, and Burden of Breast Cancer in 2019: Correlation With Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Men's Knowledge of and Behavior toward Mammography Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Associations with Molecular Subtypes: A Case-Control Study.International journal of breast cancer · 2021Article
- Screening of BRCA1/2 genes mutations and copy number variations in patients with high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC).BMC cancer · 2020Article
- Barriers and Attitudes toward Breast Cancer Screening among Omani Women.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Presentation of the Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Detected By Immunohistochemistry in Surgically Treated Patients.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2018Article
- Ethnicity and breast cancer characteristics in Kenya.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2018Article
- Immunohistochemistry defined subtypes of breast cancer in 678 Sudanese and Eritrean women; hospitals based case series.BMC cancer · 2017Article
- Clinicopathologic and prognostic features of breast cancer in young women: a series from North of Morocco.BMC women's health · 2017Article
- Kaiso is highly expressed in TNBC tissues of women of African ancestry compared to Caucasian women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2017Article
- An update on the management of breast cancer in Africa.Infectious agents and cancer · 2017Review
- Greater absolute risk for all subtypes of breast cancer in the US than Malaysia.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There has been no systematic appraisal of ethnicity-based variations in breast cancer (BC) biology amongst women from developing countries. A qualitative systematic review was conducted of breast cancer size, stage, grade, histological type, extra-mammary involvement, hormone receptor status as well as patient demographics. This review includes patients from Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Mexico, the Caribbean and South America. BC in these regions present at an earlier age with large aggressive tumours. Distant metastases are frequently present at the time of diagnosis. African women have a higher frequency of triple negative tumours. Over half of Middle Eastern women have lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis. Despite experiencing a lower incidence compared to the Ashkenazi Jewish population, Palestinian women have poorer five-year survival outcomes. The majority of women from Mexico and South America have stage two or three disease whilst over sixty percent of women from Eastern Europe have either stage one or stage two disease. The biological characteristics of BC in the Caribbean cannot be fully assessed due to a paucity of data from the region. BC amongst the developing world is characterised by an early peak age of onset with aggressive biological characteristics. Strategies that improve breast cancer awareness, address amenable risk factors and improve early detection are essential.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.