ArticleCancers2011
Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality?
Article in Cancers, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Multidisciplinary treatment is necessary in glioblastoma with extracerebral metastases.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025Pooled it
- Bone metastasis from glioblastoma: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Extra-Neural Metastases From Primary Intracranial Ependymomas: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Extraneural metastases in glioblastoma patients: two cases with YKL-40-positive glioblastomas and a meta-analysis of the literature.Neurosurgical review · 2016Pooled it
- Prognostic nomogram for glioblastoma (GBM) patients presenting with distant extension: a seer-based study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Trial
- Detection of circulating tumour cell clusters in human glioblastoma.British journal of cancer · 2018Trial
- A case report about extracranial skeletal metastases in pediatric diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Pediatric Diffuse High-Grade Gliomas: A Comprehensive Review Of Advanced Methods Of Diagnosis And Treatment.Current cancer drug targets · 2026Review
- Dimensional memory in glioblastoma mechanics: Traction force analysis of cells cultured in 2D versus 3D collagen environments.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Extraneural and extracranial metastatic astrocytoma with primitive neuroectodermal component: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Rapidly progressive scalp and lung metastases with fatal pneumothorax in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, with MET and CDK6 amplifications: a case report of clinical course and postmortem autopsy, including genetic analysis.Brain tumor pathology · 2025Article
- Assessing Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase/CD73 Expression and Malignancy Parameters in Early- and Late- Passage C6 Glioma Cells.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Clinical and Imaging Features of Head and Neck Metastasis of High-Grade Glioma: A Single-Center Case Series.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Microtubule-associated NAV3 regulates invasive phenotypes in glioblastoma cells.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- On-chip fabrication of tailored 3D hydrogel scaffolds to model cancer cell invasion and interaction with endothelial cells.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- Metastatic glioblastoma to the lungs: a case report and literature review.CNS oncology · 2024Review
- Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2024Review
- Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses designed for targeted treatment of EGFR-bearing tumors.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Pediatric H3K27M‑mutant diffuse midline glioma with vertebral metastasis: A case report and literature review.Oncology letters · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant gliomas account for approximately 60% of all primary brain tumors in adults. Prognosis for these patients has not significantly changed in recent years-despite debulking surgery, radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy-with a median survival of 9-12 months. Virtually no patients are cured of their illness. Malignant gliomas are usually locally invasive tumors, though extra-neural metastases can sometimes occur late in the course of the disease (median of two years). They generally appear after craniotomy although spontaneous metastases have also been reported. The incidence of these metastases from primary intra-cranial malignant gliomas is low; it is estimated at less than 2% of all cases. Extra-neural metastases from gliomas frequently occur late in the course of the disease (median of two years), and generally appear after craniotomy, but spontaneous metastases have also been reported. Malignant glioma metastases usually involve the regional lymph nodes, lungs and pleural cavity, and occasionally the bone and liver. In this review, we present three cases of extra-neural metastasis of malignant gliomas from our department, summarize the main reported cases in literature, and try to understand the mechanisms underlying these systemic metastases.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.