ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2014
The two faces of heterologous immunity: protection or immunopathology.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Clinical Manifestations and Immunological Impacts in Co-Infections and Sequential Infections of SARS-CoV-2 and Arboviruses.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes-dependent IgG epitope profiling in HTLV-1 reveals differential recognition of pathogen-derived antigens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Concomitant immunity in persistent Leishmania infections: could it represent an evolutionary balance and a vaccine target?Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Immune responses underpinning acute co-infections with unrelated viruses: timing and location matter.International immunology · 2025Review
- Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis-From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Viral infections and immune modulation in bladder cancer: implications for immunotherapy.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Human genetic errors of immunity illuminate an adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Editorial: Cross-reactive immunity and COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Innate and adaptive effector immune drivers of cytomegalovirus disease in lung transplantation: a double-edged sword.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Review
- Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome.Fish and shellfish immunology reports · 2023Article
- Advances in HIV therapeutics and cure strategies: findings obtained through non-human primate studies.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Review
- Article
- The COVID-19 Impact on the Trends in Yellow Fever and Lassa Fever Infections in Nigeria.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Article
- Cross-Reactive T Cell Response Exists in Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection upon Pichinde Virus Challenge.Viruses · 2022Article
- Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of multi-strain RNA viruses.Nature ecology & evolution · 2022Review
- Roles for Pathogen Interference in Influenza Vaccination, with Implications to Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and Attribution of Influenza Deaths.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Transcriptomics of Acute DENV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Does Not Support Qualitative Differences as Drivers of Disease Severity.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunity to previously encountered viruses can alter responses to unrelated pathogens. This phenomenon, which is known as heterologous immunity, has been well established in animal model systems. Heterologous immunity appears to be relatively common and may be beneficial by boosting protective responses. However, heterologous reactivity can also result in severe immunopathology. The key features that define heterologous immune modulation include alterations in the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell compartments and changes in viral dynamics and disease progression. In this review, we discuss recent advances and the current understanding of antiviral immunity in heterologous infections. The difficulties of studying these complex heterologous infections in humans are discussed, with special reference to the variations in HLA haplotypes and uncertainties about individuals' infection history. Despite these limitations, epidemiological analyses in humans and the data from mouse models of coinfection can be applied toward advancing the design of therapeutics and vaccination strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.