Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24211166›Full record

ArticleVaccine2013

Reduction in HPV 16/18 prevalence in sexually active young women following the introduction of HPV immunisation in England.

D Mesher, K Soldan, R Howell-Jones, K Panwar, P Manyenga, M Jit, S Beddows, O N Gill

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

D MesherPublic Health England, HIV & STI Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK. Electronic address: david.mesher@phe.gov.uk.
K SoldanPublic Health England, HIV & STI Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
R Howell-JonesPublic Health England, HIV & STI Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
K PanwarPublic Health England, Virus Reference Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
P ManyengaPublic Health England, Virus Reference Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
M JitPublic Health England, Statistics and Modelling Economics Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
S BeddowsPublic Health England, Virus Reference Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
O N GillPublic Health England, HIV & STI Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Public Health England · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundReduction in the prevalence of vaccine type HPV infection in young women is an early indication of the impact of the HPV immunisation programme and a necessary outcome if the subsequent impact on cervical cancer is to be realised.

methodsResidual vulva-vaginal swab (VVS) specimens from young women aged 16-24 years undergoing chlamydia screening in community sexual health services (formerly known as family planning clinics), general practice (GP), and youth clinics in 2010-2012 were submitted from 10 laboratories in seven regions around England. These specimens were linked to demographic and sexual behaviour data reported with the chlamydia test, anonymised, and tested for type-specific HPV DNA using a multiplex PCR and Luminex-based genotyping test. Estimated immunisation coverage was calculated and findings were compared to a baseline survey conducted prior to the introduction of HPV immunisation in 2008.

resultsA total of 4664 eligible specimens were collected and 4178 had a valid test result. The post-immunisation prevalence of HPV 16/18 infection was lowest in this youngest age group (16-18 years) and increased with age. This increase with age was a reversal of the pattern seen prior to immunisation and was inversely associated with estimates of age-specific immunisation coverage (65% for 16-18 year olds). The prevalence of HPV 16/18 infection in the post-immunisation survey was 6.5% amongst 16-18 year olds, compared to 19.1% in the similar survey conducted prior to the introduction of HPV immunisation.

conclusionsThese findings are the first indication that the national HPV immunisation programme is successfully preventing HPV 16/18 infection in sexually active young women in England. The reductions seen suggest, for the estimated coverage, high vaccine effectiveness and some herd-protection benefits. Continued surveillance is needed to determine the effects of immunisation on non-vaccine HPV types.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAge FactorsEnglandFemaleHuman papillomavirus 16Human papillomavirus 18HumansOdds RatioPapillomavirus InfectionsPapillomavirus VaccinesPrevalenceRisk FactorsSexual BehaviorVaccinationYoung AdultPapillomavirus VaccinesCervarixCIConfidence IntervalGeneral PracticeGPHC2High-riskHPVHPV immunisationHPV prevalenceHRHuman PapillomavirusHybrid Capture 2LALinear ArrayLower Super Output AreaLow-riskLRLSOANational Chlamydia Screening ProgrammeNCSPOdds ratioORPCRPCTPDHPHEPolymerase Chain ReactionPrimary Care TrustPublic Health EnglandPyruvate dehydrogenaseRECResearch Ethics CommitteeSurveillanceVulva-vaginal SwabVVS

Identifiers

PMID24211166
PMCPMC3898718
OpenAlexW2103720990

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.