ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2013
GM-CSF induces neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory responses in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxicated mice.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Leukine (Sargramostim) for Parkinson's Disease
Safety, Tolerability and Biomarker Assessments of Leukine (Sargramostim) During Extended Timed Treatment for Parkinson's Disease: A Phase I Pilot Study
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-dependent immune activation shapes disease progression in a model of Parkinson's disease.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Neuroprotection in Parkinson Disease.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Role of Cellular Senescence in Parkinson's Disease: Potential for Disease-Modification Through Senotherapy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- miR-484 in Hippocampal Astrocytes of Aged and Young Rats Targets CSF-1 to Regulate Neural Progenitor/Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Into Neurons.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Association between interleukin-27 and suicidal ideation: a Mendelian randomization analysis and peripheral blood experimental study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Review
- Treating activated regulatory T cells with pramipexole protects human dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA-induced degeneration.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Low-dose intranasal deferoxamine modulates memory, neuroinflammation, and the neuronal transcriptome in the streptozotocin rodent model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Pre-clinical Aspects and Contemporary Treatments of Parkinson's Disease.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Clinical Trial Highlights: Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Agents.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Peripheral MC1R Activation Modulates Immune Responses and is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- Clinical biomarkers for Lewy body diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Parkinson's disease relevant pathological features are manifested in male Pink1/Parkin deficient rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- An open-label multiyear study of sargramostim-treated Parkinson's disease patients examining drug safety, tolerability, and immune biomarkers from limited case numbers.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Article
- Relationship between [Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Expansion of regulatory T cells by CD28 superagonistic antibodies attenuates neurodegeneration in A53T-α-synuclein Parkinson's disease mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Exploring the role of interleukin-27 as a regulator of neuronal survival in central nervous system diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Development of an extended half-life GM-CSF fusion protein for Parkinson's disease.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses can speed nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). We posit that GM-CSF can attenuate such responses. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxicated mice, GM-CSF given prior to MPTP protected nigral dopaminergic neurons coincident with altered microglial morphologies and regulatory T cell (Treg) induction. Adoptive transfer of GM-CSF-induced Treg to MPTP mice protected nigral neurons. Gene expression analyses revealed novel immune-based neuronal protection pathways linked to the upregulation of IL-27. The results provide evidence that GM-CSF modulation of immunity could be of clinical benefit for PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.