ReviewTrends in immunology2014
Tolerance and exhaustion: defining mechanisms of T cell dysfunction.
Review in Trends in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 433 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
433 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety and Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated People With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- A phase Ib/II trial of XL888 (HSP90 inhibitor) and pembrolizumab in metastatic pancreatic cancer with translational immune profiling.Cancer letters · 2026Trial
- Interferon regulatory factors orchestrate CD8International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Ionizable Lipid-Dependent Optimization of Steroid Lipid Nanoparticles With Tunable Immunomodulatory Properties.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Lineage-specific immune checkpoint dynamics define a context-dependent regulatory framework with translational relevance in human γδ T cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical translation of an immunomodulatory cell therapy that is designed to convert "cold" tumors to "hot": A phase 2B trial in 3L MSS/pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Changes in CD8-positive lymphocytes following chemotherapy with concomitant bevacizumab in HER2-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The atypical IκB factor IκBδ enhances CD8 T cell accumulation and effector functions in solid tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer Immunotherapy: Heterogeneity, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- HBV-driven expansion of CXCR6Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling reveals peripheral blood immune landscape remodelling in breast cancer lymph node metastasis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- scHG: A supercell framework with high-order graph learning enables scalable multi-omics analysis.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Association of body mass index and serum markers with immune-related adverse events in lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Bridging biomaterials and immunotherapy: hydrogel strategies for next-generation CAR-T cell treatment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Elevated T Cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM Domains (TIGIT) Expression and Immune Cell Dysfunction Characterize Complex Proteins Associated With SET1 (COMPASS)-Like Complex Gene-Mutated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2026Article
- Post-Translational Regulation of CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Article
- An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-mimetic GPC3 mRNA nanovaccine for specific immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.Communications biology · 2026Article
373 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD8 T cell activation and differentiation are tightly controlled, and dependent on the context in which naïve T cells encounter antigen, can either result in functional memory or T cell dysfunction, including exhaustion, tolerance, anergy, or senescence. With the identification of phenotypic and functional traits shared in different settings of T cell dysfunction, distinctions between such dysfunctional states have become blurred. Here, we discuss distinct states of CD8 T cell dysfunction, with an emphasis on: (i) T cell tolerance to self-antigens (self-tolerance); (ii) T cell exhaustion during chronic infections; and (iii) tumor-induced T cell dysfunction. We highlight recent findings on cellular and molecular characteristics defining these states, cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that induce and maintain them, and strategies that can lead to their reversal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.