Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24206458›Full record

ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2013

APOL1 risk variants, race, and progression of chronic kidney disease.

Afshin Parsa, W H Linda Kao, Dawei Xie, Brad C Astor, Man Li, Chi-yuan Hsu, Harold I Feldman, Rulan S Parekh, John W Kusek, Tom H Greene and 17 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03832166 (A Prospective, Randomized Two Group Study to Evaluate the Feasibility and Initial Efficacy of a Community-engaged Screening, Identification, and F&V Intervention to Improve F&V Intake and CKD Outcomes in 140 AA Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 483 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
483citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
36.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03832166 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

A Prospective, Randomized Two Group Study to Evaluate the Feasibility and Initial Efficacy of a Community-engaged Screening, Identification, and F&V Intervention to Improve F&V Intake and CKD Outcomes in 140 AA Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorBaylor Research InstituteRan2019 to 2020Enrolled142ConditionsCKD, ESRDArmsFruits and Vegetables, Cooking
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

483 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 768 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Guideline
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Cardiovascular Disease in CKD: Ethnic and Regional Differences in Risk and Phenotype.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Albuminuria Changes as a surrogate endpoint inmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Observational

423 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 17 institutions in 2 countries.

Afshin ParsaThe authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.
W H Linda Kao
Dawei Xie
Brad C Astor
Man Li
Chi-yuan Hsu
Harold I Feldman
Rulan S Parekh
John W Kusek
Tom H Greene
Jeffrey C Fink
Amanda H Anderson
Michael J Choi
Jackson T Wright
James P Lash
Barry I Freedman
Akinlolu Ojo
Cheryl A Winkler
Dominic S Raj
Jeffrey B Kopp
Jiang He
Nancy G Jensvold
Kaixiang Tao
Michael S Lipkowitz
Lawrence J Appel
AASK Study Investigators
CRIC Study Investigators
University of Pennsylvania · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · USCenter for Cancer Research · USGeorgetown University · USGeorge Washington University · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USKaiser Permanente · USNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases · USNational Institutes of Health · USTulane University · USUniversity Health Network · CAUniversity of Illinois Chicago · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USUniversity of Utah · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USWake Forest University · US

Funding

UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (UL1)UL1RR025005 · NCRR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2007 to 2011
$75.8M
ZOVIRAX CREAM TO TREAT HERPES LABIALIS IN ADOLESCENTSM01RR000827 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CHANG, R JEFFREY · 1985 to 2010
$74.3M
INSTITUTIONAL CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE AWARDUL1RR024134 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI FITZGERALD, GARRET A · 2006 to 2011
$70.4M
CTSA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCHUL1RR024989 · NCRR · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI DAVIS, PAMELA B · 2007 to 2011
$53.7M
MICHIGAN INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL AND HEALTH RESEARCH (MICHR) (UL1): (BPCA)UL1RR024986 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SHANLEY, THOMAS P. · 2007 to 2011
$51.2M
Scientific and Data Coordinating Center(SDCC) for the P*U01DK060990 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI FELDMAN, HAROLD I · 2001 to 2017
$50.1M
Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of ClevelandUL1TR000439 · NCATS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KONSTAN, MICHAEL W. · 2012 to 2016
$50.0M
ZIPRASIDONE (GEODON) AUGMENTATION IN SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR-RESISTANT OBM01RR000071 · NCRR · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI NEWCORN, JEFFREY H · 1985 to 2009
$41.5M
ZINC AND CA EDTA THERAPY OF PLUMBISMM01RR000052 · NCRR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BELCHER, HAROLYN MILLICENT EDITH · 1985 to 2007
$37.3M
Zosuquidar trihydrochloride for acute myeloid leukemia &refractory anemiaM01RR000080 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF CLEVELAND · PI DAVIS, PAMELA B · 1985 to 2007
$22.2M
Zonulin Antibodies in Intestinal Permeabilitiy in IDDMM01RR016500 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI OSWALD, LYNN M · 2002 to 2009
$20.2M
Intramural NIH HHSNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR-000439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000439NCRR NIH HHS 2P20 RR11104NCRR NIH HHS K12 RR023250NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000052NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000071NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000080NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR00052NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR-00071NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR-00080NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000827NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR00827NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR016500NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR-16500NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR011104NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR011145NCRR NIH HHS P20-RR11145NCRR NIH HHS RR029887NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR-024131NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR-024134NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024134NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR-024986NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024986NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR-024989NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024989NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR-025005NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025005NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR-029879NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR029879NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR029887NIDDK NIH HHS DK 2818-02NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK002818NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK072231NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK060902NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK060902NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK060963NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK060963NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK060980NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK060980NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK060984NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK060984NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK060990NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK060990NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061021NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK061021NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061022NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK061022NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK061028NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK061028NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM103337PHS HHS HHSN26120080001EPHS HHS M0100032
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmong patients in the United States with chronic kidney disease, black patients are at increased risk for end-stage renal disease, as compared with white patients.

methodsIn two studies, we examined the effects of variants in the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) on the progression of chronic kidney disease. In the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK), we evaluated 693 black patients with chronic kidney disease attributed to hypertension. In the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, we evaluated 2955 white patients and black patients with chronic kidney disease (46% of whom had diabetes) according to whether they had 2 copies of high-risk APOL1 variants (APOL1 high-risk group) or 0 or 1 copy (APOL1 low-risk group). In the AASK study, the primary outcome was a composite of end-stage renal disease or a doubling of the serum creatinine level. In the CRIC study, the primary outcomes were the slope in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the composite of end-stage renal disease or a reduction of 50% in the eGFR from baseline.

resultsIn the AASK study, the primary outcome occurred in 58.1% of the patients in the APOL1 high-risk group and in 36.6% of those in the APOL1 low-risk group (hazard ratio in the high-risk group, 1.88; P<0.001). There was no interaction between APOL1 status and trial interventions or the presence of baseline proteinuria. In the CRIC study, black patients in the APOL1 high-risk group had a more rapid decline in the eGFR and a higher risk of the composite renal outcome than did white patients, among those with diabetes and those without diabetes (P<0.001 for all comparisons).

conclusionsRenal risk variants in APOL1 were associated with the higher rates of end-stage renal disease and progression of chronic kidney disease that were observed in black patients as compared with white patients, regardless of diabetes status. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others.).

Indexed as

AdultAgedApolipoprotein L1ApolipoproteinsBlack or African AmericanCreatinineDiabetes ComplicationsDisease ProgressionFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGlomerular Filtration RateHumansHypertensionKidney Failure, ChronicLipoproteins, HDLMaleAPOL1 protein, humanApolipoprotein L1ApolipoproteinsCreatinineLipoproteins, HDL

Identifiers

PMID24206458
PMCPMC3969022
OpenAlexW2002359955

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.