ArticlePloS one2013
Critical role of TLR4 in human metapneumovirus mediated innate immune responses and disease pathogenesis.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Interplay between endogenous hormones and immune systems in human metapneumovirus pathogenesis and management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The immune receptors TLR4 and SLAMF1 regulate TNF release by human metapneumovirus in human macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Receptors and host factors: key players in human metapneumovirus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Human metapneumovirus SH protein promotes JAK1 degradation to impair host IL-6 signaling.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- The implication of dendritic cells in lung diseases: Immunological role of toll-like receptor 4.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Interferon Epsilon-Mediated Antiviral Activity Against Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Human metapneumovirus SH protein promotes JAK1 degradation to impair host IL-6 signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Sex-related immunity: could Toll-like receptors be the answer in acute inflammatory response?Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Role of human metapneumovirus glycoprotein G in modulation of immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Human metapneumovirus activates NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome via its small hydrophobic protein which plays a detrimental role during infection in mice.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Cell-Type-Specific Transcription of Innate Immune Regulators in response to HMPV Infection.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
- Prognostic predictive value of TLR4 polymorphisms in Han Chinese population with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2018Article
- Human Metapneumovirus: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets Used by the Virus to Avoid the Immune System.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Protective Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Modulation of Host Immunity by the Human Metapneumovirus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2016Review
- Immune Response to Human Metapneumovirus Infection: What We Have Learned from the Mouse Model.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Structural insights into the human metapneumovirus glycoprotein ectodomain.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Excessive production and extreme editing of human metapneumovirus defective interfering RNA is associated with type I IFN induction.The Journal of general virology · 2014Article
- Host-Viral Interactions: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Human Pneumovirus Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised patients. The mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLR) were identified as critical regulators of innate immunity to a variety of microbes, including viruses. We have recently shown that hMPV-induced cytokine, chemokine and type I interferon secretion in dendritic cells occurs via TLR4, however, its role in hMPV-induced disease is unknown. In this study, wild-type(WT) and TLR4-deficient mice (TLR4⁻/⁻) were infected with hMPV and examined for clinical disease parameters, such as body weight loss and airway obstruction, viral clearance, lung inflammation, dendritic cell maturation, T-cell proliferation and antibody production. Our results demonstrate that absence of TLR4 in hMPV-infected mice significantly reduced the inflammatory response as well as disease severity, shown by reduced body weight loss and airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness (AHR), compared to WT mice. Levels of cytokines and chemokines were also significantly lower in the TLR4⁻/⁻ mice. Accordingly, recruitment of inflammatory cells in the BAL, lungs, as well as in lymph nodes, was significantly reduced in the TLR4⁻/⁻ mice, however, viral replication and clearance, as well as T-cell proliferation and neutralizing antibody production, were not affected. Our findings indicate that TLR4 is important for the activation of the innate immune response to hMPV, however it does play a role in disease pathogenesis, as lack of TLR4 expression is associated with reduced clinical manifestations of hMPV disease, without affecting viral protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.