ArticlePloS one2013
Changes in socioeconomic inequality in Indonesian children's cognitive function from 2000 to 2007: a decomposition analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Buffering Effect of Caregiver Education on Early Childhood Development in Low-Income Households: Evidence from Indonesia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Wealth-based inequalities in early childhood development (ECD) outcomes in Bangladesh: A decomposition analysis using MICS 2019.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: A longitudinal study in Indonesia.PloS one · 2024Article
- IPV Experiences and Financial Strain Over Time: Insights from the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis.Journal of family and economic issues · 2023Article
- Article
- Withstanding austerity: Equity in health services utilisation in the first stage of the economic recession in Southern Spain.PloS one · 2018Article
- Inequality in early childhood neurodevelopment in six poor rural counties of China: a decomposition analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
- Article
- Estimating the inbreeding depression on cognitive behavior: a population based study of child cohort.PloS one · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMeasuring social inequalities in health is common; however, research examining inequalities in child cognitive function is more limited. We investigated household expenditure-related inequality in children's cognitive function in Indonesia in 2000 and 2007, the contributors to inequality in both time periods, and changes in the contributors to cognitive function inequalities between the periods.
methodsData from the 2000 and 2007 round of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) were used. Study participants were children aged 7-14 years (n = 6179 and n = 6680 in 2000 and 2007, respectively). The relative concentration index (RCI) was used to measure the magnitude of inequality. Contribution of various contributors to inequality was estimated by decomposing the concentration index in 2000 and 2007. Oaxaca-type decomposition was used to estimate changes in contributors to inequality between 2000 and 2007.
resultsExpenditure inequality decreased by 45% from an RCI = 0.29 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.36) in 2000 to 0.16 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.20) in 2007 but the burden of poorer cognitive function was higher among the disadvantaged in both years. The largest contributors to inequality in child cognitive function were inequalities in per capita expenditure, use of improved sanitation and maternal high school attendance. Changes in maternal high school participation (27%), use of improved sanitation (25%) and per capita expenditures (18%) were largely responsible for the decreasing inequality in children's cognitive function between 2000 and 2007.
conclusionsGovernment policy to increase basic education coverage for women along with economic growth may have influenced gains in children's cognitive function and reductions in inequalities in Indonesia.
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