Observational studyPloS one2013
Duration of HIV-1 viral suppression on cessation of antiretroviral therapy in primary infection correlates with time on therapy.
Observational study in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Chronic Use of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors on the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025Pooled it
- Expression of type I interferon-associated genes at antiretroviral therapy interruption predicts HIV virological rebound.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Cell-associated HIV-1 RNA predicts viral rebound and disease progression after discontinuation of temporary early ART.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- Time to viral rebound and safety after antiretroviral treatment interruption in postpartum women compared with men.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Post-treatment control or treated controllers? Viral remission in treated and untreated primary HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Immunological biomarkers predict HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment interruption.Nature communications · 2015Trial
- Temporal trends in viral setpoint and peak CD4 + cell count soon after HIV-1 seroconversion.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Developing a Naïve Bayes risk classification machine learning algorithm to predict high viral load in a low-resource setting.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Treatment in acute HIV infection only temporarily preserves monocyte function: a comparative cohort study in adult males.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Identifying correlates of viral rebound timing and viral control in SHIV-infected infant macaques after ART interruption.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on viral load and CD4 monitoring for people living with HIV on ART in rural Lesotho.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of sex on HIV immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Early antiretroviral therapy favors post-treatment SIV control associated with the expansion of enhanced memory CD8Nature communications · 2024Article
- Persistence and risk factors of occult hepatitis B virus infections among antiretroviral therapy-naïve people living with HIV in Botswana.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Ongoing HIV replication in lymph node sanctuary sites in treated individuals contributes to the total latent HIV at a very slow rate.Journal of theoretical biology · 2023Article
- Cognitive Performance, as well as Depression, Alcohol Use, and Gender, predict Anti-Retroviral Therapy Adherence in a South African Cohort of People with HIV and Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in NSG and NRG Humanized Mouse Models for Their Use in Viral and Immune Research.Viruses · 2023Review
- Analyzing Longitudinally Collected Viral Load Measurements in Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection: Problems and Possible Remedies.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Use of Tenofovir Diphosphate Levels to Predict Viremia During the Postpartum Period in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Nested Case-Control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA minority of HIV-1 positive individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) maintain viral suppression on stopping. Whether this is related to ART duration has not been explored.
designAnd Methods: Using SPARTAC trial data from individuals recruited within 6 months of seroconversion, we present an observational analysis investigating whether duration of ART was associated with post-treatment viraemic control. Kaplan-Meier estimates, logistic regression and Cox models were used.
results165 participants reached plasma viral loads (VL) <400 copies/ml at the time of stopping therapy (ART stop). After ART stop, 159 experienced confirmed VL ≥400 copies/ml during median (IQR) follow-up of 167 (108,199) weeks. Most participants experienced VL rebound within 12 weeks from ART stop, however, there was a suggestion of a higher probability of remaining <400 copies/ml for those on ART >12 weeks compared to ≤12 weeks (p=0.061). Cumulative probabilities of remaining <400 copies/ml at 12, 52 and 104 weeks after ART stop were 21% (95%CI=13,30), 4% (1,9), and 4% (1,9) for ≤12 weeks ART, and 32% (22,42), 14% (7,22), and 5% (2,11) for >12 weeks. In multivariable regression, ART for >12 weeks was independently associated with a lower probability of being ≥400 copies/ml within 12 weeks of ART stop (OR=0.11 (95%CI=0.03,0.34), p<0.001)). In Cox models of time to VL ≥400 after 12 weeks, we only found an association with female sex (OR=0.2, p=0.001).
conclusionLonger ART duration in PHI was associated with a higher probability of viral control after ART stop.
trial registrationControlled-Trials.com 76742797 http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN76742797.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.