ArticlePloS one2013
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice induces chronic lung inflammation, iBALT formation, and fibrosis.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Across Organs: Context, Composition, and Clinical Levers.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum: the target of chlamydial manipulation.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Tuberculosis: Persistence, Protection, and Pathology.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Macrophage memories of early-life injury drive neonatal nociceptive priming.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Sex-dependent vulnerability for Wistar rats model following intranasal instillation with Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816 causing lobar pneumonia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- Developmental impact of peripheral injury on neuroimmune signaling.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Review
- IL-21/IL-21R Promotes the Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Macrophages duringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Murine Respiratory Tract Infection with Classical Klebsiella pneumoniae Induces Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- The role played by bacterial infections in the onset and metastasis of cancer.Current research in microbial sciences · 2021Review
- Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation.Immunity · 2021Article
- Role of iBALT in Respiratory Immunity.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2020Review
- Neonatal low respiratory tract chlamydiaRespiratory medicine case reports · 2019Article
- Autophagy Limits Inflammasome DuringFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Capturing the multifactorial nature of ARDS - "Two-hit" approach to model murine acute lung injury.Physiological reports · 2018Article
- Hypothetical protein Cpn0423 triggers NOD2 activation and contributes to Chlamydia pneumoniae-mediated inflammation.BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Effects of Murine Norovirus on Chlamydia pneumoniae-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) Mice.Comparative medicine · 2016Article
- A Zebrafish Model forFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Antigen-Presenting Cells and Antigen Presentation in Tertiary Lymphoid Organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) lung infection can induce chronic lung inflammation and is associated with not only acute asthma but also COPD exacerbations. However, in mouse models of CP infection, most studies have investigated specifically the acute phase of the infection and not the longer-term chronic changes in the lungs. We infected C57BL/6 mice with 5 × 10(5) CP intratracheally and monitored inflammation, cellular infiltrates and cytokine levels over time to investigate the chronic inflammatory lung changes. While bacteria numbers declined by day 28, macrophage numbers remained high through day 35. Immune cell clusters were detected as early as day 14 and persisted through day 35, and stained positive for B, T, and follicular dendritic cells, indicating these clusters were inducible bronchus associated lymphoid tissues (iBALTs). Classically activated inflammatory M1 macrophages were the predominant subtype early on while alternatively activated M2 macrophages increased later during infection. Adoptive transfer of M1 but not M2 macrophages intratracheally 1 week after infection resulted in greater lung inflammation, severe fibrosis, and increased numbers of iBALTS 35 days after infection. In summary, we show that CP lung infection in mice induces chronic inflammatory changes including iBALT formations as well as fibrosis. These observations suggest that the M1 macrophages, which are part of the normal response to clear acute C. pneumoniae lung infection, result in an enhanced acute response when present in excess numbers, with greater inflammation, tissue injury, and severe fibrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.