ArticlePLoS genetics2013
FliZ is a global regulatory protein affecting the expression of flagellar and virulence genes in individual Xenorhabdus nematophila bacterial cells.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- CpxR and LrhA coordinate the regulation of Xenocoumacin 1 biosynthesis, flagellar assembly, and chemotaxis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic role of PAX cyclolipopeptides in theApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- OmpR Indirectly Regulates Biosynthesis of Xenocoumacin 1 inMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cross-Talk between the Flagellar Transcriptional Hierarchy and Secretion System inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Enhancing the yield of Xenocoumacin 1 in Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001 by optimizing the fermentation process.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diverse Roles for a Conserved DNA-Methyltransferase in the Entomopathogenic BacteriumInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Apex Predator Nematodes and Meso-Predator Bacteria Consume Their Basal Insect Prey through Discrete Stages of Chemical Transformations.mSystems · 2022Article
- Article
- Does the Future of Antibiotics Lie in Secondary Metabolites Produced by Xenorhabdus spp.? A Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2020Review
- The Biocontrol Agent and Insect Pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens Interacts with Plant Roots.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Role of the Photorhabdus Dam methyltransferase during interactions with its invertebrate hosts.PloS one · 2019Article
- Inhibition of Spodoptera frugiperda phenoloxidase activity by the products of the Xenorhabdus rhabduscin gene cluster.PloS one · 2019Article
- Salmonella STM1697 coordinates flagella biogenesis and virulence by restricting flagellar master protein FlhD4C2 from recruiting RNA polymerase.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- The Global Transcription Factor Lrp Is both Essential for and Inhibitory to Xenorhabdus nematophila Insecticidal Activity.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- An antimicrobial peptide-resistant minor subpopulation of Photorhabdus luminescens is responsible for virulence.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- DNA Adenine Methyltransferase (Dam) Overexpression ImpairsFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- The Global Regulators Lrp, LeuO, and HexA Control Secondary Metabolism in Entomopathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Comparative Genomics between Two Xenorhabdus bovienii Strains Highlights Differential Evolutionary Scenarios within an Entomopathogenic Bacterial Species.Genome biology and evolution · 2016Article
- The Global Transcription Factor Lrp Controls Virulence Modulation in Xenorhabdus nematophila.Journal of bacteriology · 2015Article
- Ail and PagC-related proteins in the entomopathogenic bacteria of Photorhabdus genus.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the expression of various bacterial genes has been shown to result in the presence of individuals with different phenotypes within clonal bacterial populations. The genes specifying motility and flagellar functions are coordinately regulated and form a complex regulon, the flagellar regulon. Complex interplay has recently been demonstrated in the regulation of flagellar and virulence gene expression in many bacterial pathogens. We show here that FliZ, a DNA-binding protein, plays a key role in the insect pathogen, Xenorhabdus nematophila, affecting not only hemolysin production and virulence in insects, but efficient swimming motility. RNA-Seq analysis identified FliZ as a global regulatory protein controlling the expression of 278 Xenorhabdus genes either directly or indirectly. FliZ is required for the efficient expression of all flagellar genes, probably through its positive feedback loop, which controls expression of the flhDC operon, the master regulator of the flagellar circuit. FliZ also up- or downregulates the expression of numerous genes encoding non-flagellar proteins potentially involved in key steps of the Xenorhabdus lifecycle. Single-cell analysis revealed the bimodal expression of six identified markers of the FliZ regulon during exponential growth of the bacterial population. In addition, a combination of fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RT-qPCR quantification showed that this bimodality generated a mixed population of cells either expressing ("ON state") or not expressing ("OFF state") FliZ-dependent genes. Moreover, studies of a bacterial population exposed to a graded series of FliZ concentrations showed that FliZ functioned as a rheostat, controlling the rate of transition between the "OFF" and "ON" states in individuals. FliZ thus plays a key role in cell fate decisions, by transiently creating individuals with different potentials for motility and host interactions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.