Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24203976›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical genetics2014

Combined exome and whole-genome sequencing identifies mutations in ARMC4 as a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia with defects in the outer dynein arm.

Alexandros Onoufriadis, Amelia Shoemark, Mustafa M Munye, Chela T James, Miriam Schmidts, Mitali Patel, Elisabeth M Rosser, Chiara Bacchelli, Philip L Beales, Peter J Scambler and 11 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical genetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Article
  4. Novel pathogenic variant inFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026
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  12. International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Motile cilia genetics and cell biology: big results from little mice.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021
    Review
  20. Case Report: Novel Biallelic Mutations inFrontiers in genetics · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Alexandros OnoufriadisMolecular Medicine Unit, Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Amelia Shoemark
Mustafa M Munye
Chela T James
Miriam Schmidts
Mitali Patel
Elisabeth M Rosser
Chiara Bacchelli
Philip L Beales
Peter J Scambler
Stephen L Hart
Jeannette E Danke-Roelse
John J Sloper
Sarah Hull
Claire Hogg
Richard D Emes
Gerard Pals
Anthony T Moore
Eddie M K Chung
UK10K
Hannah M Mitchison
University College London · GBMoorfields Eye Hospital · GBRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust · GBAmsterdam UMC Location VUmc · NLAtrium Medisch Centrum Parkstad · NLGenomics England · GBUniversity of Nottingham · GB

Funding

British Heart FoundationWellcome Trust 100140Wellcome Trust WT091310
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy disorder affecting cilia and sperm motility. A range of ultrastructural defects of the axoneme underlie the disease, which is characterised by chronic respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease, infertility and body axis laterality defects. We applied a next-generation sequencing approach to identify the gene responsible for this phenotype in two consanguineous families. METHODS AND

resultsData from whole-exome sequencing in a consanguineous Turkish family, and whole-genome sequencing in the obligate carrier parents of a consanguineous Pakistani family was combined to identify homozygous loss-of-function mutations in ARMC4, segregating in all five affected individuals from both families. Both families carried nonsense mutations within the highly conserved armadillo repeat region of ARMC4: c.2675C>A; pSer892* and c.1972G>T; p.Glu658*. A deficiency of ARMC4 protein was seen in patient's respiratory cilia accompanied by loss of the distal outer dynein arm motors responsible for generating ciliary beating, giving rise to cilia immotility. ARMC4 gene expression is upregulated during ciliogenesis, and we found a predicted interaction with the outer dynein arm protein DNAI2, mutations in which also cause PCD.

conclusionsWe report the first use of whole-genome sequencing to identify gene mutations causing PCD. Loss-of-function mutations in ARMC4 cause PCD with situs inversus and cilia immotility, associated with a loss of the distal outer (but not inner) dynein arms. This addition of ARMC4 to the list of genes associated with ciliary outer dynein arm defects expands our understanding of the complexities of PCD genetics.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyMutationArmadillo Domain ProteinsCiliaDyneinsExomeFemaleGenome, HumanHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansKartagener SyndromeMaleModels, MolecularPedigreePhenotypeProtein BindingArmadillo Domain ProteinsDyneinsODAD2 protein, humanClinical GeneticsDevelopmentalGeneticsMolecular GeneticsOther Respiratory Medicine

Identifiers

PMID24203976
PMCPMC3888613
OpenAlexW2045188529

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.