ReviewNature2013
Cooperation between brain and islet in glucose homeostasis and diabetes.
Review in Nature, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 312 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-caloric sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body weights.Nature metabolism · 2025Trial
- Effects of intranasal insulin application on the hypothalamic BOLD response to glucose ingestion.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Intranasal Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Induces IGF-1 Levels Comparable With Subcutaneous Injection With Lower Systemic Exposure to hGH in Healthy Volunteers.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Trial
- Activation of innate immunity modulates insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and pancreatic β-cell function in both African ancestry and European ancestry healthy humans.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2015Trial
- Clinical trial demonstrates exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2015Trial
- Social Physiology: Human homeostasis is more efficient in social proximity.Science advances · 2026Article
- From brain bioenergetics to hypothalamic glucoregulation: A shared-systems hypothesis for intrinsic dysglycemia in schizophrenia.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic malate dehydrogenase 2 modulates systemic glucose metabolism through oxytocin-mediated thermogenesis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Analyses of astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle transporter levels in brain tissues from people with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Analysis of a Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetes Model inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Fundamental role of brain-organ interaction in behavior-driven holistic homeostasis.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- The insulin signalling network.Nature metabolism · 2025Review
- Hypothalamic gliosis as a potential mediator of improved glucose tolerance induced by time-restricted feeding in obese mice.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Low-dose metformin requires brain Rap1 for its antidiabetic action.Science advances · 2025Article
- Lactate homeostasis is maintained through regulation of glycolysis and lipolysis.Cell metabolism · 2025Article
- Systemic Glucose Homeostasis Requires Pancreatic but Not Neuronal ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels.Function (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- New exploration on pathogenesis and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- SREBP2 as a central player in cancer progression: potential for targeted therapeutics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although a prominent role for the brain in glucose homeostasis was proposed by scientists in the nineteenth century, research throughout most of the twentieth century focused on evidence that the function of pancreatic islets is both necessary and sufficient to explain glucose homeostasis, and that diabetes results from defects of insulin secretion, action or both. However, insulin-independent mechanisms, referred to as 'glucose effectiveness', account for roughly 50% of overall glucose disposal, and reduced glucose effectiveness also contributes importantly to diabetes pathogenesis. Although mechanisms underlying glucose effectiveness are poorly understood, growing evidence suggests that the brain can dynamically regulate this process in ways that improve or even normalize glycaemia in rodent models of diabetes. Here we present evidence of a brain-centred glucoregulatory system (BCGS) that can lower blood glucose levels via both insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and propose a model in which complex and highly coordinated interactions between the BCGS and pancreatic islets promote normal glucose homeostasis. Because activation of either regulatory system can compensate for failure of the other, defects in both may be required for diabetes to develop. Consequently, therapies that target the BCGS in addition to conventional approaches based on enhancing insulin effects may have the potential to induce diabetes remission, whereas targeting just one typically does not.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.