ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Filopodial retraction force is generated by cortical actin dynamics and controlled by reversible tethering at the tip.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed.
- Myosin II-independent contraction of actin filaments in membrane nanotubes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Endocytosed lipids induce cell aggregation via filopodia retraction in a close relative of animals.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Light-powered phagocytic macrophage microrobot (phagobot): both in vitro and in vivo.Light, science & applications · 2025Article
- The filopodial myosin DdMyo7 is a slow, calcium-regulated motor.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- Endothelial tip-cell position, filopodia formation and biomechanics require BMPR2 expression and signaling.Communications biology · 2025Article
- An Immune-Independent Mode of Action of Tacrolimus in Promoting Human Extravillous Trophoblast Migration Involves Intracellular Calcium Release and F-Actin Cytoskeletal Reorganization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring heterogeneous cell population dynamics in different microenvironments by novel analytical strategy based on images.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
- Engineering 3D Scaffold-Free Nanoparticle-Laden Stem Cell Constructs for Piezoelectric Enhancement of Human Neural Tissue Formation and Function.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Supramolecular fibrillation in coacervates and other confined systems towards biomimetic function.Communications chemistry · 2024Review
- Modeling the roles of cohesotaxis, cell-intercalation, and tissue geometry in collective cell migration of Xenopus mesendoderm.Biology open · 2024Article
- Morphodynamics of T-lymphocytes: Scanning to spreading.Biophysical journal · 2024Review
- Rho-associated kinase regulates Langerhans cell morphology and responsiveness to tissue damage.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Mechanisms underlying Myosin 10's contribution to the maintenance of mitotic spindle bipolarity.Molecular biology of the cell · 2024Article
- Tunnelling nanotube formation is driven by Eps8/IRSp53-dependent linear actin polymerization.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Bayesian traction force estimation using cell boundary-dependent force priors.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Liquid-like VASP condensates drive actin polymerization and dynamic bundling.Nature physics · 2023Article
- Protrusion growth driven by myosin-generated force.Developmental cell · 2023Article
- Filopodial adhesive force in discrete nodes revealed by integrin molecular tension imaging.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Activated I-BAR IRSp53 clustering controls the formation of VASP-actin-based membrane protrusions.Science advances · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like plasma membrane protrusions that sense the mechanical and chemical surroundings of the cell. Here, we show in epithelial cells that the dynamics of filopodial extension and retraction are determined by the difference between the actin polymerization rate at the tip and the retrograde flow at the base of the filopodium. Adhesion of a bead to the filopodial tip locally reduces actin polymerization and leads to retraction via retrograde flow, reminiscent of a process used by pathogens to invade cells. Using optical tweezers, we show that filopodial retraction occurs at a constant speed against counteracting forces up to 50 pN. Our measurements point toward retrograde flow in the cortex together with frictional coupling between the filopodial and cortical actin networks as the main retraction-force generator for filopodia. The force exerted by filopodial retraction, however, is limited by the connection between filopodial actin filaments and the membrane at the tip. Upon mechanical rupture of the tip connection, filopodia exert a passive retraction force of 15 pN via their plasma membrane. Transient reconnection at the tip allows filopodia to continuously probe their surroundings in a load-and-fail manner within a well-defined force range.
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