ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2013
Not so pseudo: the evolutionary history of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 2 and related pseudogenes.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical applications of and molecular insights from RNA sequencing in a rare disease cohort.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Pseudogenes as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Human Cancers.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Article
- The Zmat2 gene in non-mammalian vertebrates: Organizational simplicity within a divergent locus in fish.PloS one · 2020Article
- Comprehensive analysis ofCancer cell international · 2020Article
- Regulators of the protein phosphatase PP1γ2, PPP1R2, PPP1R7, and PPP1R11 are involved in epididymal sperm maturation.Journal of cellular physiology · 2019Article
- A Matter of Taste: Lineage-Specific Loss of Function of Taste Receptor Genes in Vertebrates.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2017Review
- Molecular Evolution of the Glycosyltransferase 6 Gene Family in Primates.Biochemistry research international · 2016Article
- Genetic variation in taste receptor pseudogenes provides evidence for a dynamic role in human evolution.BMC evolutionary biology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPseudogenes are traditionally considered "dead" genes, therefore lacking biological functions. This view has however been challenged during the last decade. This is the case of the Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 2 (PPP1R2) or inhibitor-2 gene family, for which several incomplete copies exist scattered throughout the genome.
resultsIn this study, the pseudogenization process of PPP1R2 was analyzed. Ten PPP1R2-related pseudogenes (PPP1R2P1-P10), highly similar to PPP1R2, were retrieved from the human genome assembly present in the databases. The phylogenetic analysis of mammalian PPP1R2 and related pseudogenes suggested that PPP1R2P7 and PPP1R2P9 retroposons appeared before the great mammalian radiation, while the remaining pseudogenes are primate-specific and retroposed at different times during Primate evolution. Although considered inactive, four of these pseudogenes seem to be transcribed and possibly possess biological functions. Given the role of PPP1R2 in sperm motility, the presence of these proteins was assessed in human sperm, and two PPP1R2-related proteins were detected, PPP1R2P3 and PPP1R2P9. Signatures of negative and positive selection were also detected in PPP1R2P9, further suggesting a role as a functional protein.
conclusionsThe results show that contrary to initial observations PPP1R2-related pseudogenes are not simple bystanders of the evolutionary process but may rather be at the origin of genes with novel functions.
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