Trial reportPloS one2013
The immunological and virological consequences of planned treatment interruptions in children with HIV infection.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life.HIV medicine · 2018Guideline
- ART-free HIV-1 remission in children with in-utero HIV-1 after very early ART (IMPAACT P1115): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study.The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- Plasticity of the Immune System in Children Following Treatment Interruption in HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Weekends-off efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults (BREATHER): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 2/3 trial.The lancet. HIV · 2016Trial
- Recommendations from the 2nd Consensus Workshop on Analytical Treatment Interruption in HIV Research Trials.The lancet. HIV · 2026Article
- Analytical treatment interruption in children living with HIV: position statement from the EPIICAL consortium.The lancet. HIV · 2024Review
- Quantification of CD4 Recovery in Early-Treated Infants Living With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- The importance of taking ART appropriately in children and adolescents with HIV-1 to reach the highest capacity of immune function later in life.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Long-term clinical, virological and immunological outcomes following planned treatment interruption in HIV-infected children.HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Use and Outcomes of Antiretroviral Monotherapy and Treatment Interruption in Adolescents With Perinatal HIV Infection in Asia.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2019Observational
- Antiretroviral therapy interruptions: impact on HIV treatment and transmission.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA Decay Dynamics With Early, Long-term Virologic Control of Perinatal Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- CD31 Expression on CD4+ Cells: A Simple Method for Quantitation of Recent Thymus Emigrant CD4 Cells.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Article
- Premature aging and immune senescence in HIV-infected children.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Recent Thymus Emigrant CD4+ T Cells Predict HIV Disease Progression in Patients With Perinatally Acquired HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
- CD4+ and viral load outcomes of antiretroviral therapy switch strategies after virologic failure of combination antiretroviral therapy in perinatally HIV-infected youth in the United States.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Observational
- Establishment and Replenishment of the Viral Reservoir in Perinatally HIV-1-infected Children Initiating Very Early Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Article
- Immunological and pharmacological strategies to reactivate HIV-1 from latently infected cells: a possibility for HIV-1 paediatric patients?Journal of virus eradication · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the immunological and viral consequences of planned treatment interruptions (PTI) in children with HIV.
designThis was an immunological and virological sub-study of the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 trial, which compared CD4-guided PTI of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with continuous therapy (CT) in children.
methodsHIV-1 RNA and lymphocyte subsets, including CD4 and CD8 cells, were quantified on fresh samples collected during the study; CD45RA, CD45RO and CD31 subpopulations were evaluated in some centres. For 36 (18 PTI, 18 CT) children, immunophenotyping was performed and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA analysed on stored samples to 48 weeks.
resultsIn the PTI group, CD4 cell count fell rapidly in the first 12 weeks off ART, with decreases in both naïve and memory cells. However, the proportion of CD4 cells expressing CD45RA and CD45RO remained constant in both groups. The increase in CD8 cells in the first 12 weeks off ART in the PTI group was predominantly due to increases in RO-expressing cells. PTI was associated with a rapid and sustained increase in CD4 cells expressing Ki67 and HLA-DR, and increased levels of HIV-1 DNA.
conclusionsPTI in children is associated with rapid changes in CD4 and CD8 cells, likely due to increased cell turnover and immune activation. However, children off treatment may be able to maintain stable levels of naïve CD4 cells, at least in proportion to the memory cell pool, which may in part explain the observed excellent CD4 cell recovery with re-introduction of ART.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.