ReviewVirulence2014
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis: a brief review.
Review in Virulence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03634293 (PCSK9 Inhibitor), which is not on this map. Cited by 180 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PCSK9 Inhibitor: a New Tool to Fight Septic Shock
Who cites it
180 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 398 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pathological Signal-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Sepsis: Integrating Biomarker Sensing With Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery and Immunomodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Lipopolysaccharide and Coagulation Factor XII: Biophysics of Contact Activation in Infection.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 2026Review
- ERK/Smurf1 regulates non-canonical pyroptosis by prompting Caspase-11 ubiquitination.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Which Bacterial Agent Is More Influential in the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pathogen-specific host responses define distinct pneumonia endotypes in the human lung.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in the biosensing platforms for sepsis diagnosis.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Macrophage Proteomic Profiling Reveals Divergent TLR4-Dependent and -Independent Responses to KdoLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Living bacterial reactor potently activates tumor immunogenic ferroptosis via cysteine depletion and photothermal therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Modes of (Inter)Actions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulins: Nonclinical and Clinical Research in Severe Bacterial Infections.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Gut barrier-microbiota crosstalk in sepsis: from pathogenesis to potential therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- O2a O-antigen type and sepsis in invasiveFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Endothelial barrier and sepsis: mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Characterising commensal and pathogenic staphylococcal interactions with neonatal and adult blood.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Ability of NEWS2 to Detect Sepsis in Adult Patients With Positive Blood Cultures.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Design and evaluation of octopromycin-derived peptides as multifunctional antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Electrochemical plasmonic sensing strategy for sensitive detection of gram-negative endotoxin in blood samples.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Molecular dynamics simulations of proteins: an in-depth review of computational strategies, structural insights, and their role in medicinal chemistry and drug development.Biological cybernetics · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Regulatory T Cells in Sepsis: Mechanisms, Heterogeneity, and Pathogen-Tailored Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biofilm Formation ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of fatality worldwide. Sepsis is a multi-step process that involves an uncontrolled inflammatory response by the host cells that may result in multi organ failure and death. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria play a major role in causing sepsis. These bacteria produce a range of virulence factors that enable them to escape the immune defenses and disseminate to remote organs, and toxins that interact with host cells via specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger a dysregulated immune response. Over the past decade, our understanding of toxins has markedly improved, allowing for new therapeutic strategies to be developed. This review summarizes some of these toxins and their role in sepsis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.