Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
Compartmentalized cytomegalovirus replication and transmission in the setting of maternal HIV-1 infection.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytomegalovirus Urinary Shedding in HIV-infected Pregnant Women and Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Maternal Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Vertical Cytomegalovirus Transmission But Does Not Reduce Breast Milk Cytomegalovirus Levels.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Trial
- Increased Epstein-Barr virus in breast milk occurs with subclinical mastitis and HIV shedding.Medicine · 2016Trial
- Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on breastfeeding transmission of HIV and on the health of infants born to HIV-infected mothers.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
- The Long Shadow of Early HCMV-HIV Coinfection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Immune Consequences.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Complexity of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in South African HIV-Exposed Infants with Pneumonia.Viruses · 2022Article
- Host-Viral Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface. What We Know and What We Need to Know.Frontiers · 2022Article
- Presence of Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With an Unfavorable Outcome in Immunocompetent Infants With Pertussis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Observational
- Breast Milk Virome and Bacterial Microbiome Resilience in Kenyan Women Living with HIV.mSystems · 2021Article
- Cervical cytomegalovirus reactivation, cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in Kenyan women.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Unexpectedly High Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in Older Children and Adolescents With Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Cytomegalovirus shedding from breastmilk and mucosal sites in healthy postpartum women: A pilot study.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Human Breast Milk-acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection: Certainties, Doubts and Perspectives.Current pediatric reviews · 2019Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Enhances Placental Susceptibility and Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Which May Facilitate In Utero HIV-1 Transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Higher Expectations for a Vaccine To Prevent Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Nonprimary Maternal Cytomegalovirus Infection After Viral Shedding in Infants.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Article
- Cytomegalovirus viraemia is associated with poor growth and T-cell activation with an increased burden in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with adverse outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants. Determinants of vertical CMV transmission in the setting of maternal HIV-1 infection are not well-defined.
methodsCMV and HIV-1 levels were measured in plasma, cervical secretions, and breast milk of 147 HIV-1-infected women to define correlates of maternal CMV replication and infant CMV acquisition.
resultsAlthough few women had detectable CMV in plasma (4.8%), the majority had detectable CMV DNA in cervical secretions (66%) and breast milk (99%). There was a strong association between cervical CMV detection during pregnancy and later breast milk levels (β = 0.47; P = .005). Plasma HIV-1 level and CD4 counts were associated with CMV in the cervix and breast milk. However HIV-1 levels within the cervix and breast milk were not associated with CMV within these compartments. Maternal breast milk CMV levels (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4; P = .003) and maternal CD4 < 450 cells/mm(3) (HR, 1.8; P = .008) were independently associated with infant CMV acquisition; each log10 increase in breast milk CMV was associated with a 40% increase in infant infection. The breast milk CMV level required to attain a 50% probability of CMV transmission increased with higher maternal CD4 counts, increasing from 3.55 log10 CMV DNA copies/mL at a CD4 count of 350 cells/mm(3) to 5.50 log10 CMV DNA copies/mL at a CD4 count of 1000 cells/mm(3).
conclusionsBreast milk CMV levels and maternal CD4 count are major determinants of CMV transmission in the setting of maternal HIV-1. Maternal immune reconstitution or lowering breast milk CMV levels may reduce vertical CMV transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.