ArticleInternational journal of mental health systems2013
Short structured general mental health in service training programme in Kenya improves patient health and social outcomes but not detection of mental health problems - a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.
Article in International journal of mental health systems, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating Depression and Alcohol Use Care Into Primary Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Pooled it
- Under detection of depression in primary care settings in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Primary-level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Collaboration With People With Lived Experience of Mental Illness to Reduce Stigma and Improve Primary Care Services: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Feasibility trial of a scalable psychological intervention for women affected by urban adversity and gender-based violence in Nairobi.BMC psychiatry · 2016Trial
- Scaling up an integrated primary mental health screening programme in South Africa through co-development and continuous quality improvement.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Barriers and accessibility-improving strategies in mental health services for persons with hearing or vision impairments: Perspectives from professionals and clients-A qualitative interview study.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2026Article
- A pilot cluster-controlled trial of interventions to improve detection of depression in primary healthcare in Ethiopia.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Is there a mental health diagnostic crisis in primary care? Current research practices in global mental health cannot answer that question.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Integrating mental health into primary health care in fragile and conflict-affected settings: a scoping review of mhGAP effectiveness.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Developing interventions to improve detection of depression in primary healthcare settings in rural Ethiopia.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Identifying contextual barriers and facilitators in implementing non-specialist interventions for mental health in Sri Lanka: A qualitative study with mental health workers and community members.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Implementation strategy in collaboration with people with lived experience of mental illness to reduce stigma among primary care providers in Nepal (RESHAPE): protocol for a type 3 hybrid implementation effectiveness cluster randomized controlled trial.Implementation science : IS · 2022Article
- Can a brief training intervention help improve mental health service delivery in South Africa?African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2021Observational
- The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrating mental health services in primary care in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review.BJPsych bulletin · 2021Article
- Depression and sexual risk behavior among long-distance truck drivers at roadside wellness clinics in Kenya.PeerJ · 2019Article
- Implementation of the mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) within the Fijian Healthcare System: a mixed-methods evaluation.International journal of mental health systems · 2019Article
- How competent are non-specialists trained to integrate mental health services in primary care? Global health perspectives from Uganda, Liberia, and Nepal.International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
TRIAL
designA pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.
methods
participantsClusters were primary health care clinics on the Ministry of Health list. Clients were eligible if they were aged 18 and over.
interventionsTwo members of staff from each intervention clinic received the training programme. Clients in both intervention and control clinics subsequently received normal routine care from their health workers.
objectiveTo examine the impact of a mental health inservice training on routine detection of mental disorder in the clinics and on client outcomes. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was the rate of accurate routine clinic detection of mental disorder and the secondary outcome was client recovery over a twelve week follow up period. Randomisation: clinics were randomised to intervention and control groups using a table of random numbers. Blinding: researchers and clients were blind to group assignment.
resultsNumbers randomised: 49 and 50 clinics were assigned to intervention and control groups respectively. 12 GHQ positive clients per clinic were identified for follow up. Numbers analysed: 468 and 478 clients were followed up for three months in intervention and control groups respectively. OUTCOME: At twelve weeks after training of the intervention group, the rate of accurate routine clinic detection of mental disorder was greater than 0 in 5% versus 0% of the intervention and control groups respectively, in both the intention to treat analysis (p = 0.50) and the per protocol analysis (p =0.50). Standardised effect sizes for client improvement were 0.34 (95% CI = (0.01,0.68)) for the General Health Questionnaire, 0.39 ((95% CI = (0.22, 0.61)) for the EQ and 0.49 (95% CI = (0.11,0.87)) for WHODAS (using ITT analysis); and 0.43 (95% CI = (0.09,0.76)) for the GHQ, 0.44 (95% CI = (0.22,0.65)) for the EQ and 0.58 (95% CI = (0.18,0.97)) for WHODAS (using per protocol analysis). HARMS: None identified.
conclusionThe training programme did not result in significantly improved recorded diagnostic rates of mental disorders in the routine clinic consultation register, but did have significant effects on patient outcomes in routine clinical practice.
trial registrationInternational Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register ISRCTN53515024.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.