ArticleJournal of medicinal chemistry2014
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulation by synthetic and natural compounds: an update.
Article in Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cinnamon and Derivatives as Modulators of Toll-like Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Validating Natural Compounds as Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Antagonists: Experimental Challenges and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Bicuculline fromComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Senescent endothelial cells: key commanders of the cellular communication network within atherosclerotic plaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrative in vitro and in silico evaluation of HSP60-derived peptides as immunomodulators of the TLR4/MD-2 complex.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TLR4/MyD88 expression patterns and novel genetic variants: association with aggressive clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Anti-neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of T-006 on Alzheimer's Disease Models by Modulating TLR4-Mediated MyD88/ NF-κB Signaling.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine againstFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Recombinant Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines: Danger Signal vs. Helping Hand.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Serine-/Cysteine-Based spJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- In vitro and in silico studies of 7'',8''-buddlenol D anti-inflammatory lignans from Carallia brachiata as p38 MAP kinase inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Toll-like Receptor 4 in Acute Kidney Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Spices and Biomarkers of COVID-19: A Mechanistic and Therapeutic Perspective.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptor 4 and Syk kinase shape dendritic cell-induced immune activation to major house dust mite allergens.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of Toll-like Receptors in Marbled Rockfish (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Activation of Inflammatory Networks in the Lungs Caused by Chronic Cold Stress Is Moderately Attenuated by Glucose Supplementation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Periodontitis and cardiometabolic disorders: The role of lipopolysaccharide and endotoxemia.Periodontology 2000 · 2022Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), together with MD-2, binds bacterial endotoxins (E) with high affinity, triggering formation of the activated homodimer (E.MD-2.TLR4)2. Activated TLR4 induces intracellular signaling leading to activation of transcription factors that result in cytokine and chemokine production and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. TLR4 also responds to endogenous ligands called danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Increased sensitivity to infection and a variety of immune pathologies have been associated with either too little or too much TLR4 activation. We review here the molecular mechanisms of TLR4 activation (agonism) or inhibition (antagonism) by small organic molecules of both natural and synthetic origin. The role of co-receptors MD-2 and CD14 in the TLR4 modulation process is also discussed. Recent achievements in the field of chemical TLR4 modulation are reviewed, with special focus on nonclassical TLR4 ligands with a chemical structure different from that of lipid A.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.