ArticleTranslational stroke research2013
Phenotypic changes in immune cell subsets reflect increased infarct volume in male vs. female mice.
Article in Translational stroke research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Perihematomal Edema Volume and Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2024Trial
- Photothrombotic and middle cerebral artery occlusion models produce distinct neurovascular injury and sex-dependent outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in ex vivo cytokine production and their association with outcome following ischemic stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex-based differences in inflammatory predictors of outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: an inverse probability weighting analysis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the inflammatory response to stroke.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Immune regulation based on sex differences in ischemic stroke pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Oxidative Stress Status in Post Stroke Patients: Sex Differences.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific Immune Responses in Stroke.Stroke · 2022Review
- Repair-related molecular changes during recovery phase of ischemic stroke in female rats.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- Biological determinants impact the neurovascular toxicity of nicotine and tobacco smoke: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics perspective.Neurotoxicology · 2022Review
- Exploring Sex-Related Differences in Microglia May Be a Game-Changer in Precision Medicine.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma.Cells · 2021Review
- Immunoresponsive gene 1 modulates the severity of brain injury in cerebral ischaemia.Brain communications · 2021Article
- Targeting Brain-spleen Crosstalk After Stroke: New Insights Into Stroke Pathology and Treatment.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- FasL-PDPK1 Pathway Promotes the Cytotoxicity of CD8Translational stroke research · 2020Article
- Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2020Review
- Sex Dimorphisms in Ischemic Stroke: From Experimental Studies to Clinic.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Sex Difference of Ribosome in Stroke-Induced Peripheral Immunosuppression by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Sex-specific and opposite modulatory aspects revealed by PPI network and pathway analysis of ischemic stroke in humans.PloS one · 2020Article
- Sex differences in the therapeutic effects of anti-PDL2 neutralizing antibody on stroke.Metabolic brain disease · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammatory responses in the brain after cerebral ischemia have been studied extensively in male mice, but not female mice, thus potentially giving a less-than-accurate view of gender associated pathological processes. In humans, cerebral infarcts are typically smaller in premenopausal females than in age-matched males. In the current study, we confirmed smaller infarcts in female vs. male mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion and 96 h of reperfusion. Moreover, we explored immunological alterations related to this difference and found that the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in spleens in males than females, with increased expression of the activation markers, CD69 and CD44. In contrast, the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in spleens of females than males, leading to the identification of a small but distinct population of IL-10-secreting CD8+CD122+ suppressor T cells that were also increased in females. Finally, we observed that males have a greater percentage of activated macrophages/microglia in the brain than females, as well as increased expression of the VLA-4 adhesion molecule in both brain and spleen. This new information suggesting gender-dependent immunological mechanisms in stroke implies that effective treatments for human stroke may also be gender specific.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.