ArticlePsychopharmacology2014
Neural responses to subliminally presented cannabis and other emotionally evocative cues in cannabis-dependent individuals.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns of brain function associated with cannabis cue-reactivity in regular cannabis users: a systematic review of fMRI studies.Psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Nonacute effects of cannabis use on motivation and reward sensitivity in humans: A systematic review.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2018Pooled it
- Inhalation of Alcohol Vapor: Measurement and Implications.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2017Pooled it
- GRIK1 genotype and daily expectations of alcohol's positive effects moderate the reduction of heavy drinking by topiramate.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Nipping cue reactivity in the bud: baclofen prevents limbic activation elicited by subliminal drug cues.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2014Trial
- Lorcaserin modulation of semantic drug cue-elicited effective brain connectivity in persons with cocaine and opioid use disorders.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Exploring the Utility of a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cannabis Cue-Reactivity Paradigm in Treatment-Seeking Adults With Cannabis Use Disorder.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Re-evaluating our focus in addiction: emotional dysregulation is a critical driver of relapse to drug use.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Neural Correlates of the Attentional Bias Towards Subliminal Pornographic Cues in Individuals with Tendencies Toward Problematic Pornography Use: An ERP Study Using a Dot-Probe Task.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Alterations in self-reported sensory gating and interoception in individuals frequently using cannabis.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Article
- Restructuring reward: A pilot study to enhance natural reward response in adults with cannabis use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Impact of the natural hormonal milieu on ventral striatal responses to appetitive cigarette smoking cues: A prospective longitudinal study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Trauma exposure among cannabis use disorder individuals was associated with a craving-correlated non-habituating amygdala response to aversive cues.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- In young women, a link between childhood abuse and subliminal processing of aversive cues is moderated by impulsivity.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- The relationship between craving and insular morphometry in regular cocaine users: Does sex matter?Addiction biology · 2022Article
- Mindfulness-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Aberrant Interoceptive Processing in Substance Use Disorders.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- "Speak of the Devil… and he Shall Appear": Religiosity, Unconsciousness, and the Effects of Explicit Priming in the Misperception of Immorality.Psychological research · 2022Article
- Examining Inhibitory Affective Processing Within the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Among Abstinent Cannabis-Using Adolescents and Young Adults.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Sustained brain response to repeated drug cues is associated with poor drug-use outcomes.Addiction biology · 2021Article
- Unraveling the role of cigarette use in neural cannabis cue reactivity in heavy cannabis users.Addiction biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAddiction theories posit that drug-related cues maintain and contribute to drug use and relapse. Indeed, our recent study in cocaine-dependent patients demonstrated that subliminally presented cocaine-related stimuli activate reward neurocircuitry without being consciously perceived. Activation of reward neurocircuitry may provoke craving and perhaps prime an individual for subsequent drug-seeking behaviors.
objectivesUsing an equivalent paradigm, we tested whether cannabis cues activate reward neurocircuitry in treatment-seeking, cannabis-dependent individuals and whether activation was associated with relevant behavioral anchors: baseline cannabis craving (drug-seeking behavior) and duration of use (degree of conditioning).
methodsTwenty treatment-seeking, cannabis-dependent individuals (12 males) underwent event-related blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging during exposure to 33-ms cannabis, sexual, and aversive cues presented in a backward-masking paradigm. Drug use history and cannabis craving were assessed prior to imaging.
resultsParticipants showed increased activity to backward-masked cannabis cues in regions supporting reward detection and interoception, including the left anterior insula, left ventral striatum/amygdala, and right ventral striatum. Cannabis cue-related activity in the bilateral insula and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex was positively associated with baseline cannabis craving, and cannabis cue-related activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex was positively correlated with years of cannabis use. Neural responses to backward-masked sexual cues were similar to those observed during cannabis cue exposure, while activation to aversive cues was observed only in the left anterior insula and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex.
conclusionsThese data highlight the sensitivity of the brain to subliminal reward signals and support hypotheses promoting a common pathway of appetitive motivation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.