Trial reportBehaviour research and therapy2013
Change in sleep symptoms across Cognitive Processing Therapy and Prolonged Exposure: a longitudinal perspective.
Trial report in Behaviour research and therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychosocial treatments for nightmares in adults and children: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Nightmares and psychiatric symptoms: A systematic review of longitudinal, experimental, and clinical trial studies.Clinical psychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Cultural adaptations of psychological interventions for prevalent sleep disorders and sleep disturbances: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in the United States.Sleep medicine reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions for adults with a history of complex traumatic events: the INCiTE mixed-methods systematic review.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Position Paper for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Paper.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2018Guideline
- Subjective and objective sleep disturbances following trauma-focused treatment.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Trial
- US Veterans Show Improvements in Subjective but Not Objective Sleep following Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Secondary Analyses from a Randomised Controlled Trial.Depression and anxiety · 2023Trial
- Examining sleep over time in a randomized control trial comparing two integrated PTSD and alcohol use disorder treatments.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Imagery Rehearsal for Posttraumatic Nightmares in Combat Veterans.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2019Trial
- Effects of psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder on sleep disturbances: Results from a randomized clinical trial.Behaviour research and therapy · 2017Trial
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Augment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment in Survivors of Interpersonal Violence.Psychotherapy and psychosomaticsTrial
- Age of Onset in Insomnia: A Latent Profile Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Substance use to cope with trauma: the interactive effect of insomnia and neighborhood socioeconomic status.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Differential Associations Between Sleep Domains and Response to Prolonged Exposure Therapy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sleep disturbances and PTSD: identifying baseline predictors of insomnia response in an intensive treatment programme.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Status of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy and Other Interventions for Nightmare Treatment in PTSD.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Integrated Cognitive Processing Therapy and Relapse Prevention for Co-Occurring PTSD and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Case Series Examining Acceptability and Initial Efficacy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Sleep and day-to-day PTSD symptom variability: an ecological momentary assessment and actigraphy monitored study in trauma-exposed young adults.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- Call to action: Addressing sleep disturbances, a hallmark symptom of PTSD, for refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons.Sleep health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is a core component in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although cognitive-behavioral treatments for PTSD reduce the severity of sleep symptoms, they do not lead to complete remission. The present study examines the impact of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Prolonged Exposure (PE) on subjective measures of sleep disturbance from treatment randomization through long-term follow-up (LTFU). Participants were 171 female rape victims with PTSD who were randomly assigned to CPT, PE, or Minimal Attention (MA). After 6-weeks, the MA group was randomized to CPT or PE. Sleep symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-MA, post-treatment, 3-months, 9-months and LTFU using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and nightmare and insomnia items from the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale. Change in sleep during MA, from pre- to post-treatment for CPT and PE, and from post-treatment through LTFU was assessed using piecewise hierarchical linear modeling with the intent-to-treat sample. Controlling for medication, sleep improved during CPT and PE compared to MA, and treatment gains were maintained through LTFU. CPT and PE were equally efficacious and improvements persist over LTFU, yet, neither produced remission of sleep disturbance. Overall, sleep symptoms do not remit and may warrant sleep-specific treatments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.