ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2014
Sociality and sickness: have cytokines evolved to serve social functions beyond times of pathogen exposure?
Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05654441 (Low-grade Inflammatory Challenge and Social Behavior), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Low-grade Inflammatory Challenge and Social Behavior
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of a mild inflammatory challenge on cytokines and sickness behavior: A randomized controlled trial using the influenza vaccine.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Trial
- Biological motion during inflammation in humans.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Trial
- Lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation alters courtship ultrasonic vocalizations in male mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The past and future of integrated biopsychosocial whole-health perspectives in psychiatric rehabilitation.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · 2026Review
- Inflammation is associated with greater social media use over face-to-face interaction, especially among individuals high in introversion or neuroticism.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- β-Caryophyllene as a Novel Modulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: A Path to Reduce Inflammation and Restore Taste Function.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome as Described by Patients: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Is the social withdrawal subscale a valid instrument to assess social withdrawal among colorectal cancer survivors with permanent stomas? A validation study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Early Attachment Disruption Increases Central Sensitivity of Depressive-Like Behavior to Stimulation by PGE-2.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Do inflammation and relational motivation coordinate having better sex? The interplay between C-reactive protein and relational approach motivation on sexual well-being.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Neural cell-types and circuits linking thermoregulation and social behavior.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Interoceptive ability moderates the effect of physiological reactivity on social judgment.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Can inflammation predict social media use? Linking a biological marker of systemic inflammation with social media use among college students and middle-aged adults.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- The roles of inflammation, affect, and interoception in predicting social perception.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Ovariectomy in mice primes hippocampal microglia to exacerbate behavioral sickness responses.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Liposaccharide-induced sustained mild inflammation fragments social behavior and alters basolateral amygdala activity.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Adaptive Evolution of the OAS Gene Family Provides New Insights into the Antiviral Ability of Laurasiatherian Mammals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Evolutionary Impacts of Pattern Recognition Receptor Genes on Carnivora Complex Habitat Stress Adaptation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Small "doses" of inflammation initiate social sickness behavior.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Insular cortex modulates social avoidance of sick rats.Behavioural brain research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During pathogen exposure or some forms of stress, proinflammatory processes induce an array of motivated and behavioral adjustments termed "sickness behaviors". Although withdrawal from social interactions is a commonly observed sickness behavior, the relation between social behavior and sickness is much more complex. Sickness can suppress or stimulate social behavior. Sickness can serve as a social cue. Stressors that are social in nature can induce sickness behaviors, and sickness behavior can be readily suppressed by meaningful social stimuli. The nature, context, and timing of these effects together suggest that cytokine-induced behavior may play a role in mediating social interactions in various non-pathological conditions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.