ReviewNeuron2013
Cortical evolution: judge the brain by its cover.
Review in Neuron, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 311 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
311 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genetic insights into human cortical organization and development through genome-wide analyses of 2,347 neuroimaging phenotypes.Nature genetics · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Human Accelerated Regions in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Where the Evolutionary and Neurodevelopmental Hypotheses Converge.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Remodeling of the Cortical Structural Connectome in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results From the ENIGMA-PGC Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Consortium.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Pooled it
- Intraspecific sequence variation and complete genomes refine the identification of rapidly evolved regions in humans.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Coordinated neural progenitor adaptations contribute to primate neocortical downscaling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Massively parallel assessment of gene regulatory activity at human cortical-structure-associated variants.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Transcriptome of fetal cortex of tree shrew underlying the emergence of outer subventricular zone.Communications biology · 2026Article
- GenX exposure induces neurodevelopmental impairment and synaptic toxicity in hESC-derived cerebral organoids.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Single-cell long- and short-read transcriptomics sheds light on high-altitude adaptation in the porcine cerebral cortex.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Developmental signaling reveals functionally enriched human-specific gene regulation in telencephalic progenitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Genomic sequence evolution underlying human neocortical interareal diversification.Genome biology · 2026Article
- A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fetal MRI reveals altered prenatal cortical surface area in fetuses later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Glutamatergic neuron-tumor synapses shape human glioblastoma cell states through radial glia plasticity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multi-omics profiling reveals MAGEL2-driven defects in human corticogenesis shared across Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang syndromes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cortical Structure in Relation to Empathy and Psychopathy in 800 Incarcerated Men.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Metabolism Controls the Timing of Human Brain Development and Maturation.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- A Community Standard Multispecies Cell Atlas of the Basal Ganglia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Typical development of the human fetal subplate: Regional heterogeneity, growth, and asymmetry assessed by in vivo T2-weighted MRI.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
251 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To understand the emergence of human higher cognition, we must understand its biological substrate--the cerebral cortex, which considers itself the crowning achievement of evolution. Here, we describe how advances in developmental neurobiology, coupled with those in genetics, including adaptive protein evolution via gene duplications and the emergence of novel regulatory elements, can provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms culminating in the human cerebrum. Given that the massive expansion of the cortical surface and elaboration of its connections in humans originates from developmental events, understanding the genetic regulation of cell number, neuronal migration to proper layers, columns, and regions, and ultimately their differentiation into specific phenotypes, is critical. The pre- and postnatal environment also interacts with the cellular substrate to yield a basic network that is refined via selection and elimination of synaptic connections, a process that is prolonged in humans. This knowledge provides essential insight into the pathogenesis of human-specific neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.