ArticleJournal of foot and ankle research2013
Inter and intra-rater repeatability of the scoring of foot pain drawings.
Article in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06061237 (Effects of Aerobic Thai Dance on Gait, Balance and Sudomotor Function in Patient With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Aerobic Thai Dance on Gait, Balance and Sudomotor Function in Patient With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital manikins to self-report pain on a smartphone: A systematic review of mobile apps.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Nonsurgical management of hallux valgus: findings of a randomised pilot and feasibility trial.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2023Trial
- Lower Limb Kinematics of People With Midfoot Osteoarthritis During Level Walking and Stair Climbing.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2025Article
- Clinical and cost-effectiveness of individualised exercises and foot orthoses in the treatment of plantar heel pain: protocol for the TREADON randomised multi-arm multi-stage adaptive trial.NIHR open research · 2025Article
- Development of gout in people with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: study protocol for a 5-year prospective cohort.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Efficacy of arch contouring foot orthoses for midfoot osteoarthritis: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2024Article
- Do Dynamic Plantar Pressures Differ Based on Sonographic Evidence of Metatarsophalangeal Joint Synovitis in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis?ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Structural Foot Characteristics in People With Midfoot Osteoarthritis: Cross-Sectional Findings From the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Bone Marrow Lesions and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Detected Structural Abnormalities in Patients With Midfoot Pain and Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Arthritis care & research · 2023Article
- Footwear, foot orthoses and strengthening exercises for the non-surgical management of hallux valgus: protocol for a randomised pilot and feasibility trial.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2022Article
- Article
- Self-management advice, exercise and foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: the TREADON pilot and feasibility randomised trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2021Article
- Ankle and Foot Pain and Associated Factors Among Nurses at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- The prevalence of foot pain and its associated factors among Saudi school teachers in Abha sector, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- German version of the Chedoke McMaster arm and hand activity inventory (CAHAI-G): intra-rater reliability and responsiveness.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2020Article
- Plantar heel pain in middle-aged and older adults: population prevalence, associations with health status and lifestyle factors, and frequency of healthcare use.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Observational
- Coexistence of plantar calcaneal spurs and plantar fascial thickening in individuals with plantar heel pain.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2019Observational
- Foot structure, pain and functional ability in people with gout in primary care: cross-sectional findings from the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2019Observational
- Management of musculoskeletal foot and ankle conditions prior to public-sector orthopaedic referral in South Australia.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2019Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of foot and ankle pain among nurses at a university hospital in Japan: A cross-sectional study.Journal of occupational health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFoot pain drawings (manikins) are commonly used to describe foot pain location in self-report health surveys. Respondents shade the manikin where they experience pain. The manikin is then scored via a transparent overlay that divides the drawings into areas. In large population based studies they are often scored by multiple raters. A difference in how different raters score manikins (inter-rater repeatability), or in how an individual rater scores manikins over time (intra-rater repeatability) can therefore affect data quality. This study aimed to assess inter- and intra-rater repeatability of scoring of the foot manikin.
methodsA random sample was generated of 50 respondents to a large population based survey of adults aged 50 years and older who experienced foot pain and completed a foot manikin. Manikins were initially scored by any one of six administrative staff (Rating 1). These manikins were re-scored by a second rater (Rating 2). The second rater then re-scored the manikins one week later (Rating 3). The following scores were compared: Rating 1 versus Rating 2 (inter-rater repeatability), and Rating 2 versus Rating 3 (intra-rater repeatability). A novel set of clinically relevant foot pain regions made up of one or more individual areas on the foot manikin were developed, and assessed for inter- and intra-rater repeatability.
resultsScoring agreement of 100% (all 50 manikins) was seen in 69% (40 out of 58) of individual areas for inter-rater scoring (range 94 to 100%), and 81% (47 out of 58) of areas for intra-rater scoring (range 96 to 100%). All areas had a kappa value of ≥0.70 for inter- and intra-rater scoring. Scoring agreement of 100% was seen in 50% (10 out of 20) of pain regions for inter-rater scoring (range 96 to 100%), and 95% (19 out of 20) of regions for intra-rater scoring (range 98 to 100%). All regions had a kappa value of >0.70 for inter- and intra-rater scoring.
conclusionsIndividual and multiple raters can reliably score the foot pain manikin. In addition, our proposed regions may be used to reliably classify different patterns of foot pain using the foot manikin.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.