Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2013
HIV transmission and 24-month survival in a randomized trial of HAART to prevent MTCT during pregnancy and breastfeeding in Botswana.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early life risk factors of motor, cognitive and language development: a pooled analysis of studies from low/middle-income countries.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Under-five mortality according to maternal survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2017Pooled it
- HIV-free survival at 12-24 months in breastfed infants of HIV-infected women on antiretroviral treatment.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2016Pooled it
- Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Maternal health outcomes among HIV-infected breastfeeding women with high CD4 counts: results of a treatment strategy trial.HIV clinical trials · 2018Trial
- Breastmilk transfer and infant exposure to atazanavir/ritonavir in breastfeeding women with HIV: results from IMPAACT 2026.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Maternal HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy: Implications for Vertical Transmission, Fetal Safety, and Long-Term Infant Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Feeding modalities, HIV transmission and its predictors among HIV-exposed infants visited Gamo and Gofa zones public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia: a retrospective follow up study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Review
- Twenty years of Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission: research to implementation at a national referral hospital in Uganda.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Prediction and prevention of preterm birth in pregnant women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2022Review
- Lack of HIV RNA test result is a barrier to breastfeeding among women living with HIV in Botswana.International breastfeeding journal · 2021Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus-positive women's perspectives on breastfeeding with antiretrovirals: A qualitative evidence synthesis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Review
- "What if they are pre-conception? What should we do?": Knowledge, practices, and preferences for safer conception among women living with HIV and healthcare providers in Gaborone, Botswana.Frontiers in global women's health · 2020Article
- Compositional analyses reveal correlations between taxon-level gut bacterial abundance and peripheral T cell marker expression in African infants.Gut microbes · 2020Article
- Article
- HIV-free survival among breastfed infants born to HIV-positive women in northern Uganda: a facility-based retrospective study.The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- Feeding-Related Gut Microbial Composition Associates With Peripheral T-Cell Activation and Mucosal Gene Expression in African Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Measles Vaccination in HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2018Article
- Contribution of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy and Breastfeeding to 24-Month Survival in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Children: An Individual Pooled Analysis of African and Asian Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHAART for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) may impact long-term survival of women and children.
designRandomized clinical trial.
methodsHIV-infected pregnant women with CD4+ cell count at least 200 cells/µl were randomly assigned to abacavir, zidovudine, lamivudine (arm A) or lopinavir–ritonavir, zidovudine–lamivudine (arm B) from week 26 to 34 gestation through planned weaning by 6 months postpartum. Women with baseline CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells/µl received nevirapine–zidovudine–lamivudine indefinitely (Obs arm), as did randomized women later qualifying for treatment.
resultsAmong 560 randomized and 170 observational women enrolled, there were 14 deaths (1.9%) – one antenatally (Obs), three from delivery to 6 months postpartum (1 arm A, 2 Obs), and 10 from 6 to 24 months postpartum (5 arm A, 3 arm B, 2 Obs). Time to death or CD4+ cell count below 200 cells/µl was shorter in arm A vs. B (P = 0.03). Of the 709 live-born children, 97% breastfed for a median of 5.8 months. Of 37 (5.2%) deaths by 24 months, nine were before breastfeeding initiated (3 arm A, 2 arm B, 4 Obs); six while breastfeeding (1 arm A, 2 arm B, 3 Obs); and 22 after weaning (9 arm A, 11 arm B, 2 Obs). Only eight children (1.1%) were HIV-infected at 24 months (6 arm A, 1 arm B, 1 Obs), all before 6 months.
conclusionLow MTCT was maintained through extended follow-up in all arms. Disease progression appeared slower after discontinuing protease inhibitor-based HAART, but a concerning number of maternal deaths occurred after stopping either regimen. Strategies to improve maternal and child survival in the postintervention period are required.
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Registered trials
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